蝙蝠场强分布测量系统的整体实现

【作者】 杨雪梅；

【导师】 王双维；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 电路与系统， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 蝙蝠能够有效地利用回声定位，因而几乎完全靠听觉获得关于周围生态环境的信息。蝙蝠特殊的生态位及声行为的独特性，决定了研究蝙蝠回声定位行为的重要意义。从生态学角度对蝙蝠叫声的研究多集中在信号本身的时频特性。而从声学本身出发看待蝙蝠信号，它的空间场强分布是一个不可忽视的特征。由于蝙蝠的叫声是脉冲形式的超声波，因而要求测量系统必须采用专用的数字信号处理设备才能满足测量要求。数字信号处理技术己经逐渐发展成一门关键的技术科学，数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片的出现为数字信号处理算法的实现提供了可能。DSP芯片是具有特殊结构的微处理器，专门为快速实现各种数字信号处理算法而设计的。本文既是设计一种以通用型DSP芯片为核心的数据采集和处理电路，并将其应用于蝙蝠场强分布的测量。本文首先介绍了蝙蝠回声定位信号，提出对其声场测量的学术意义。之后介绍了DSP理论。在电路设计中本文采用模块化的设计方法，并从硬件设计和软件设计两方面出发，重点叙述了DSP模块、信号采集模块、与PC机接口模块以及FLASH在线编程模块的设计方法、电路形式等内容。硬件设计主要考虑电路简单和数据传输的稳定性，软件设计主要讨论如何配合硬件工作，以达到最优化工作效率。文章的最后，给出实验结果并对整个电路系统的设计做了回顾。同时本系统采用DSP芯片并通过FLASH在线编程，为也系统升级提供了方便。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bat acquires the information from ecology environments almost depending on its hearing completely, because it can use the echolocation effectively. Bat has an important status in ecosystem with its unique sound behavior so that it is significant to research the behavior of echolocation. Now researching their echolocation in ecology concentrates in time-frequency characters of signals. But in acoustics the intensity distribution of sound field in space is a character of the signal of bat that can not be neglected. Furthermore, the calls of bats are supersonic pulse, so it is very necessary to use special digital signal processing equipments. Digital signal process technology has been a very key science more and more. And DSP, this kind of chip having a special architecture for some arithmetic, helps us to process some digital signals. The aim of this paper is to design a data acquisition PCB, which applied in measuring the intensity distribution of sound field, with a chip of DSP. Firstly, the paper introduced the echolocation and pointed the science significance to measure the sound field. In addition the theory of DSP is told. The paper designs the circuit in a very efficient way by using module method. The design includes hardware and software and the paper puts emphases on these modules including DSP, analog signals, PC interface, FLASH programming on line and so on. During hardware design briefness and stability of data transferring are considered. During software design, cooperating with hardware design effectively is considered. Lastly the results of the research is analyzed and the whole system design is summarized. And with DSP and programming FLASH on line it is flexible to upgrade the system.更多还原