【作者】 邢莹莹；

【导师】 岑颖洲；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 枸骨叶，其原生植物鉴定为卫茅目冬青属冬青科大叶冬青（Ilex latifolia Thunb．），在我国两广地区分布较广，资源丰富，是瑶族地区用途较广的一种中草药。本文对采自连南地区枸骨叶化学成分进行了研究，并对枸骨叶的抑菌、解酒、护肝以及降血压、降低高脂饮食大鼠血甘油三酯和血胆固醇水平等生物活性进行了初步探讨。 从枸骨叶的乙醇提取物中分离得到5个单体化合物，2个混合物。通过IR、UV、NMR以及MS等方法对分离得到的化合物进行了波谱解析，单体化合物分别鉴定为：β—谷甾醇（1）和乌索烷—12—烯—3β，28—二羟基（2）、乌索酸（3），化合物4和化合物5结构待定。混合物通过GC-MS鉴定为：棕榈酸乙酯（6）、棕榈酸丁酯（7），乌索—9（11），12—二烯—3—醇（8）和β—香树脂醇（9），其中化合物2（乌索烷—12—烯—3β，28—二羟基）是首次从枸骨叶中分离得到。 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取枸骨叶挥发性成分，并通过气相色谱—质谱联用分析，鉴定出枸骨叶挥发油中酸、酯、醇以及酮、酰胺、含氧萜类等42个化学成分，运用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量，已鉴定的化学成分占挥发油总量的83.46％。对枸骨叶挥发性成分的研究本文为首次报道。 采用用微量稀释法测定瑶药枸骨叶5种不同溶剂组分的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），探讨枸骨叶不同溶剂提取物的体外抑菌活性。结果表明枸骨叶中的3种溶剂组分（乙醇提取物、正丁醇和乙酸乙酯萃取物）均显示一定的抑菌效用（MIC≤2.50mg／mL），其乙酸乙酯萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌效果最为显著MIC为0.625mg／mL，醇提物和正丁醇萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌也显示较好的抑菌效果MIC均为2.50 mg／mL。 采用小鼠急性酒精中毒实验模型和CCl₄致小鼠急性肝损伤模型对瑶药枸骨叶以及枸骨叶—野葛花复方的解酒、护肝效果进行了初步研究。实验结果证明，枸骨叶以及枸骨叶—野葛花复方对降低小鼠的醉酒率、延长耐受时间、降低醉酒持续时间和血乙醇含量均有不同程度的效果。枸骨叶及复方也能有效降低CCl₄致急性肝暨南大学硕士毕业论文损小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性，其中构骨叶低剂量组、中剂量组和复方高剂量组效果较好。本文还研究了构骨叶对大鼠正常血压，对高脂饮食大鼠的血胆固醇、血甘油三醋的的影响，实验结果表明，饮用构骨叶茶对正常大鼠血压有降压作用，作用可维持Zh以上，静脉注射构骨叶水提物降压作用明显并呈现量效关系;进食高脂饲料的大鼠饮用构骨叶茶可防止血胆固醇及甘油三醋的上升，对甘油三酷的影响，也呈现量效关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ilex.latifolia Thunb. grows widely in guangxi and guangdong province and has a broad resource. It is s kind of herbal medicine with wide treatment functions of the Yao nationality. We studtied the chemical constitunts of Ilex latifolia Thunb. from Liannan, and explored the antibacterial effective, relieving alcohol toxicity effect and liver protection effect ect.Five pure constituents and two mixtures were isolated from the Ilex.latifolia Thunb. Three pure constituents were determined as P -sitosterol( 1), urs!2 - ene-3 P , 28-diol(2), ursolic acid (3) by manifold spectroscopy methods such as IR, *HNMR, !3CNMR and MS ect., compound 4 and compound 5 are in determining. Two mixtures were identified as palmitic acid ethyl ester(6), palmitic acid n- butyl ester(7) and Ursa-9(1 l),12-dien-3- ol (8), B -Amyrin (9) by GC-MS.Compound 2 was isolated from Ilex.latifolia Thunb. firstly.The essential oil of Ilex latifolia Thunb.vsas extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents in the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Forty-two components (acid,ester, alcohols, ketones, amides and some meterpenes)were identified. The contents of the constituents identified make up 83.46% of the total essential oil.To study the antibacterial activity of Ilex latifolia Thunb. in vitro by way of double-dilute method in plates of 96 wells. Three kinds of extractions of Ilex latifolia Thunb. (ethanol extg. ,n- butylol extg. and acetic acid ester extg. )all have antibacterial activities(MIC 2.50 mg/mL). The antibacterial activity of acetic acid ester extg. to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evident (MIC=0.625 mg/mL), the antibacterial activities of ethanol extg. and n- butylol extg. to Staphylococcus aureus were better(MIC=2.50mg/mL).To study the relieving alcohol toxicity effect and liver protection effect of Ilexlatifolia Thunb. and Ilex latifolia Thunb. -Flos Pueraria omeiensis (L P) with the alcohol toxicity model and the liver injure model made by CCl4 . The results showed Iand L & P can shorten sleeping time induced by alcohol, decrease alcohol concentration, reduce alcohol toxicity and protect the liver of mice injured by CCl4 and dec- rease the ALT activity. The low dose ,the middle dose of Ilex latifolia Thunb. and the highdose of L & P had better effect. In our experiment, we explored the effect to hypertension, CHL, TG level with rats. The results showed Ilex latifolia Thunb.can drop hypertension by drinking. Injecting Ilex latifolia Thunb. in vein had same effect and the effect has relation to the concentration of Ilex latifolia Thunb. The study showed that Ilex latifolia Thunb. can decrease the CHL and TG level in the serum of rats eating high fat foods , the decrement has relation to the concentr ation of Ilex latifolia Thunb. too.更多还原