【作者】 孙霞；

【导师】 文启凯； 尹林克； 孟林； 关欣；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要：荒漠区内陆河流域如何实现科学的退耕还草还草，是论文所要回答的科学问题。退耕还林还（草）的启动和实施对于改善塔河中下游绿洲内部的生态环境将发挥重大作用。本文从退耕地的评价入手，构建了退耕适宜性评价体系对塔里木河中下游地区的现有耕地进行退耕适宜性评价，旨在为该地区退耕提供可行的依据及技术支撑。通过专家打分筛选退耕适宜性评价因子，运用层次分析法确定评价因子权重。层次分析的结果显示，在13 个参评因子中，灌溉水保证率、土壤总盐量对退耕的贡献度最大；有机质含量、距离沙漠远近对退耕的贡献度较小。对布设的169个样地进行野外调查、资料获取。运用指数和法与最低限制因子法建立数学模型并计算适宜退耕指数，将退耕指数与所对应的耕地类型分为三级。根据适宜性评价的结果，绘制了1：100000塔里木河中下游适宜退耕区域图，确定了塔河中下游地区退耕地的规模与空间分布；塔里木河中下游地区适宜退耕面积为7626.67 hm2，占耕地总面积的11.91%，适宜中远期退耕面积为6646.67 hm2，占耕地总面积的10.38%，保留耕地49773.33hm2，占耕地总面积的77.71%。针对塔河地区退耕现状及问题提出政策建议，包括保持退耕政策的稳定与连续，实行生态移民、异地安置，搞好基本农田建设、提高耕地资源利用效率等。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to realize the science reverting farmland to forestry and grassland in Inland river reaches of Arid land is the question to answer for the paper. It will bring great function into improving environment in oasis of middle and lower reaches of Tarim River. This paper starts with the assessment of the reverting farmland，based evaluation system to carry through the suitability ssessment of reverting farmland in middle and lower reaches of Tarim River ,and the purpose is to find out the feasible gist and technology support of reverting farmland in the region. With verdict of the expert ,choose the evaluation index and use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to confirm index matrix. The result shows that among the evaluation indexes of the suitability assessment, the guarantee of irrigation , salt content have impact on reverting farmland. Organic matter content, distance of desert have less impact on reverting farmland. We collect data by surveying in field. Using exponent and the lowest restrict way to found maths model and account reverting farmland index. Furthermore, we plot out the index three step, According to the grade of the reverting farmland index, we protect the 1:100000 suitable reverting farmland sketch map in middle and lower reaches of Tarim River. Ascertain the area and its space distributing of the suitable reverting farmland to forestry and grassland in this region. Suitable reverting farmland area is 7626.67 hm2 and it account of 11.91% of the total area; suitable medium long-dated reverting farmland area is 6646.67 hm2 and it account of 10.38%; the reserved plough area is 49774.1hm2，and it account of 77.71% of the total area. According to the assessment system of the reverting farmland, decided the scale and distribution of the reverting farmland. Aimed at actuality and problem of Tarim river, put forward policy suggest, including keep policy stable and continue and carry out zoology migration allocation, make basic farmland developments, increase the <WP=9>farmland efficiency to make use of resources etc.更多还原