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荒漠内陆河流域退耕还林还草工程效益评价

Efficiency Assessment of Conversion Cropland to Forest and Grassland Project in the Inland River of Hungriness Valley

【作者】 李春香;

【导师】 侯平; 白根本; 尹林克; 李霞;

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 , 森林培育, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 以塔里木河中下游流域尉犁县以及农二师31~35团为研究区域,以空间换时间方法,用现有林草植被类型代替退耕还林还草后的模式。针对区域内调查的61个样地,将其划分成4种模式类型:混交林、纯林、经济林和牧草,同时将棉花作为对照;筛选了水、土壤、植被、经济等15个主要评价指标;应用均方差决策权法和主成分分析法确定了各指标的权重;建立了评价模型;对荒漠内陆河流域不同退耕还林草模式的生态效益和经济效益进行了评价;并用价值的形式来表示不同退耕模式的生态效益和经济效益。旨在为中国内陆荒漠区退耕还林还草生态工程的效益评价提供理论和技术支撑。主要结果如下:(1)各指标权重由大到小的顺序是:亩均产值、产投比、植被盖度、 投资回收期、多样性指数、地下水埋深、土壤有机质、盐渍化面积比率、防风效应、固沙效应、土壤pH值、亩均灌溉量、土壤总盐量、地下水pH值、地下水矿化度。(2)建立的评价模型为:Wi=Zij·Ej。 (3)退耕还经济林的效益值最大,生态效益以还混交林为最好。单位面积不同退耕模式的效益值为:混交林:16410元/hm2;纯林:15274元/ hm2;经济林:19925元/ hm2;牧草:15090元/ hm2;棉花:7985元/ hm2。(4)在当前退耕规模下,退耕后可使该地区的生态效益值提高3.48×107元(以2002年为基准),节约水量1.7×107m3,但经济效益值没有提高。

【Abstract】 Based on the study of the middle -lower reaches of Tarim River valley, using the existing styles of forests and grasses replaced the conversions. Designing a suit of assessment index which consists of water、soil、vegetation、economy. Equal variance decision-making method and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to study each index and vegetation,the eco-economy efficiency of each vegetation is counted. The aim is to provide theory and technic supporting to the project of the conversion cropland to forest and grassland project in the inland river of hungriness region in China.The conclusions suggest: 1.The weight of each index’s rank is: production value of a unit of area、ratio of produce and cast、cover of vegetation、callback period of invest、exponent of diversity、deepth of groundwater、soil humus、ratio of salt area、effect of hurrince lamp、effect of sand fixation、Ph of soil、irrigation quantity of a unit of area、general salt quantity of soil、pH of groundwater、mineralization of groundwater。2.The model of assessment is: Wi=Zij·Ej。 3.The best efficiency is economic forest,the best zoology efficiency is mixed forest。The unit ha. of each vegetation style’s efficiency is:mixed forest is 16140 yuan;pure forest is 15724 yuan;economic forest is 19925 yuan;pasture is 15090 yuan;cotton is 7985 yuan。4.At the current conversion scale,the zoology efficiency cne be increased 3.48×107 yuan (based on 2002),and 1.7×107 cube water can be saved,but the economy efficiency can not be improved.

  • 【分类号】F326.2
  • 【被引频次】11
  • 【下载频次】321
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