【作者】 马东建；

【导师】 李冠；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 盐角草(Salicornia europaea L.)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum Pall.Moq.)、高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima L.Pall.)和镰叶碱蓬(Suaeda crassifolia Pall.)是藜科肉质化真盐生植物。本文采用不同盐浓度（NaCl, mmol/L）营养液培养的方法，从形态显微结构和生理生化指标两方面对四种植物的抗盐性进行了研究。为建立植物耐盐性评价指标体系、筛选新疆耐盐植物种质资源、开发利用盐碱地提供一些资料。四种盐生植物茎叶结构有以下特征：盐角草和盐爪爪茎叶肉质化，高碱蓬和镰叶碱蓬叶肉质化。盐角草表皮细胞角质层厚，有利于减少蒸腾。其它三种植物角质层薄。除盐角草外，其它三种植物茎叶表皮细胞排列紧密整齐。四种植物薄壁细胞体积大，随盐浓度升高薄壁细胞体积增大，除盐爪爪叶外，其余三种植物栅栏组织细胞液泡很大，有利于水分的吸收与保持。不同盐浓度胁迫下各项生理生化指标的测定结果表明：随着盐胁迫强度的增加，四种植物的膜透性增大，Na+、Cl-、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性总糖(SS)、蔗糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量都呈增大的趋势,高碱蓬和镰叶碱蓬的Pro含量增加迅速，明显比盐角草和盐爪爪高，盐角草Na+、Cl-含量明显高于其它三种植物，K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、叶绿素(CHl)含量，过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和K+/ Na+都呈下降的趋势。高碱蓬和镰叶碱蓬的CAT活性先升后降，50mmol/L NaCl处最大，高碱蓬CAT活性一直明显高于其它三种材料。CHl a/CHl b始终平稳，变化不大。四种植物肉质性变化为先升后降，在生长最适范围内，肉质性较大。过氧化物同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示，盐浓度变<WP=4>化会明显影响高碱蓬和镰叶碱蓬POD同工酶组分活性的变化。对各生理生化指标进行相关性分析，结果表明：膜透性与MDA、Na+、Cl-含量间有极显著的正相关。膜透性和CAT、POD、SOD活性及膜透性和K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量间，有显著、极显著的负相关。可溶性总糖、蔗糖、Pro、Na＋和Cl－含量，相互之间呈正相关、显著和极显著的正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salicornia europaea L.,Kalidium foliatum Pall.,Suaeda altissima L.Pall. and Suaeda crassifolia Pall. are succulent euhalophytes which belong to Chenopodisceae. In this essay ,by mean of culturing with nutritional solution of different salt concentration (NaCl, mmol/L), and investigated the salt tolerance of four halophytes in two aspects of microstructure and physiological indexes. The results of research could supply some information for establishing estimate indexes of salt tolerance of plants in order to filtrating resources of halophytes of Xinjiang and empoldering saline soil.The stems and leaves of four halophytes had the characteristics as follows: The stems and leaves of S.europaea and K.foliatum were fleshy, the leaves of S.altissima and S.crassifolia were succulent, and cuticle cells of S.europaea had thick keratose layer which propitious to reducing water evaporation,the keratose layer of cuticle cells of others was thin. Except S. europaea, epidermal cells of the stems and leaves of other three kinds of plants were arranged compactly. The volumes of Parenchyma cells of these plants were big, and they became bigger along with the increasing of NaCl concentration. Big vacuole of Palisade tissue cells improving their abilities of absorbing and keeping water, except K.foliatum.The results of physiological indexes analysis under different salt stress condition showed that cell membrane permeability(MP) of all species increased along with the increasing of NaCl concentration, and concentrations of Na+, Cl-, proline, soluble sugar (SS), saccharose and malondialdehyde(MDA) showed the same tendency. When the stress intensity extended, proline(Pro) concentrations of S.altissima and S.crassifolia were increased rapidly ,and became obviously higher than that in S.europaea and K.foliatum ; concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in S.europaea were the highest in four species; concentrations of chlorophyll(CHl), K＋, Ca2＋and Mg2＋, and the K＋/ Na+ rate of four species decreased as the stress intensity extended, so do the peroxidase(POD), Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Catalase(CAT) activity of four species. CAT activity of S.altissima and S.crassifolia were increased firstly, and then decreased as the stress intensity <WP=6>extended, CAT activity reached its ultimate value at the NaCl concentration of 50mmol/L. CHl a/CHl b value kept stable when salt stress increased; fleshy of four halophytes were increased firstly, and then gave a decreasing tendency when stress intensity extended; fleshy was higher in the fittest range of growing. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of POD showed that component of POD could be influenced by the stress intensity extended.Through correlation analysis about physiological indexes, the results showed: MP increase was extremely significantly positive correlation with the concentrations of MDA, Na+ and Cl-. MP increase was accompanied by the decrease of CAT, POD, SOD activities and concentrations of K＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋, and there were significant or extremely significant negative correlation among them. There were positive correlation, significant or extremely significant positive correlation among concentrations of SS, saccharose, Pro, Na＋ and Cl－.更多还原