【作者】 秦珊；

【导师】 熊黑钢；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在我国大量生态学研究的基础上，综合运用生态学方法对新疆森林生态系统服务功能进行定性研究，使人们了解到新疆生态系统的重大服务功能，并运用经济学方法对新疆森林生态系统服务功能定量研究，通过分析和计算新疆各地州森林水源涵养、水土保持、固碳释氧、净化环境等多种价值，使人们更为直观的看到生态系统为人类带来的巨大福利，从而让人们认识到生态环境保护的重要性，并自觉提高保护生态环境的意识。通过对不同地州的森林生态系统服务功能经济价值的比较，为生态系统保护的重点及生态规划提供依据。同时希望本文能为全疆甚至全国的生态环境保护和可持续发展政策的制定提供参考。本文主要结论如下：(1) 新疆森林生态系统服务功能给人类带来了巨大的经济价值，主要从活立木蓄积、果品生产和游憩等方面给人类带来直接的福利，同时，新疆森林生态系统还对各地州起着涵养水源、水土保持、固碳释氧、净化环境和防止病虫害的作用。经计算可得，新疆森林生态系统服务功能的直接经济价值为9.1763×105万元，间接经济价值为1.0428×107万元，是直接经济价值的11.36倍。可见，新疆森林生态系统的经济价值主要体现在间接价值，即生命支持系统的价值上。新疆森林给人类带来的直接经济价值主要是活立木蓄积、果品生产和游憩价值，这部分人们所熟知的价值仅占新疆森林生态系统给人们带来的总经济价值的10.59%，给人类带来巨大福利而往往容易被人们忽略的却是森林生态系统涵养水源、保持水土、净化空气和固碳释氧等服务功能的价值。新疆生态系统脆弱，自然条件差，森林生态系统的间接经济价值就显得尤为重要。如山区林地涵养水源正是平原地区大多数农田的灌溉水源，如农田防护林网的防风固沙<WP=4>作用是农业生产的重要屏障。我们要正确认识森林生态系统生命支持系统给人类带来的巨大效益，做好现有森林的保护作用，并大力发展林业，做好植树造林工作，为新疆生态环境的改善创造有利条件。（2）新疆森林生态系统服务功能的间接经济价值，由针叶林带来的有3.5758×106万元，阔叶林带来的有6.8518×106万元。其中，针叶林生态系统服务功能的间接经济价值主要体现在固碳释氧和涵养水源上，而阔叶林的生态系统服务功能的间接经济价值主要体现在净化环境和保持土壤上。 从单位面积间接经济价值上看，针叶林的单位面积值中，由于伊犁和阿勒泰地区山地天然林多分布在降水较多且蒸散量较少的地区，具有较大的水源涵养价值，所以这两个地区的针叶林生态系统服务功能单位面积间接经济价值较高。阔叶林的单位面积值中，由于喀什地区的人工林起着防止土壤面积减少和保持土壤肥力的巨大生态系统服务功能，而成为新疆阔叶林生态系统服务功能单位面积间接经济价值最高的地区。另外，处于平原区的奎屯市的阔叶林生态系统服务功能的单位面积间接经济价值也较高。（3）新疆胡杨林生态系统服务的经济价值为1.2741×106万元，其中，直接经济价值为5.024×103万元；间接经济价值为1.2691×106万元（是直接价值的252.6倍）。在有胡杨林分布的八个地州中，阿克苏地区的单位面积间接价值最高，而哈密地区的单位面积间接价值最小。北疆地区胡杨林的生态经济价值以固碳释氧为主，而南疆地区则以保持土壤为主。（4）新疆人工林生态系统服务的经济价值为1.0132×106万元，其中直接经济价值为3.67×102万元，间接经济价值为1.0128×106万元（是直接经济价值的2758倍）。新疆人工林生态系统单位面积的间接价值以哈密地区的经济价值最高。北疆地区的间接经济价值主要由涵养水源为主，而东疆和南疆地区则以土壤保持为主。（5）除了乌鲁木齐、克拉玛依、石河子和吐鲁番、奎屯五个地区，其余十一个地州的人均生态系统服务功能间接经济价值均高于各地州相应的人均国内生产总值。不难看出，森林生态系统给人来带来了巨大的福利。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is based on quantities of ecological researches of our country, aiming aware public of the vital ecosystem services of Xinjiang by qualitatively researching the ecosystem services of Xinjiang in ecological methods. Moreover, a quantitative analysis following economic methods about ecosystem services of Xinjiang has been included. By analyzing and computing the values of various properties of the forests all over different places in Xinjiang such as water holding，soil conservation，CO2 fixation，purifying environment and so on, the fact that great welfare has been brought by ecosystem is clearly showed to publics. Thus, it helps or enables publics aware themselves of the importance of protecting ecological circumstance. By comparing the economic values of ecosystem services in various places, evidences that support the prior protection of ecosystem and ecological programming are provided. It will be a great pleasure if this thesis can contribute to the policy making of the protection and sustainable development of ecological environment.Here are the main conclusions of this thesis:(1)According to accurate computing, the direct economic value of the service functions of Forests Ecosystem of Xinjiang is 9.1763×109 Yuan, the indirect economic value is 1.0428×1011 Yuan, which is 11.36 times more than direct economic value . It is demonstrated that the main economic value of forests ecosystem is its indirect value which is known as the value of life-sustain system. However , the direct value of forests in Xinjiang is mainly considered as lumber value，fruits production and travel value. Nevertheless , these values which are familiar to publics only take percentage as less as 10.59%, those items such as water holding、soil conversation、purifying the environment <WP=6>pollution and CO2 fixation and O2 release of forests ecosystem which benefit human beings most often are ignored by publics. The ecosystem of Xinjiang is weak, the natural conditions are poor as well, therefore, the indirect economic value of forests ecosystem is highlighted.(2)Among the indirect economic value of the ecosystem services of Xinjiang , 3.5758×1010 Yuan are brought by taiga , 6.8518×1010 Yuan are brought by the broadleaf forest，the indirect economic value of taiga ecosystem services are mainly unveiled by CO2 fixation and O2 release and water holding, the indirect economic value of the broadleaf forest ecosystem services are mainly unveiled by purifying environment pollution and soil conversation.(3)The economic value of Populus diversifolia ecosystem services is 1.2741×1010 Yuan，among which the direct economic value is 5.024×107 Yuan；indirect economic value is 1.2691×1010 Yuan（252.6 times more than the one before）.Through the 8 regions where Polulus diversifolia can be found ，Akesu has the highest unit area indirect values , however, HaMi has the lowest unit area indirect values。The economic value of Polulus diversifoliain northern XinJian is mainly composed of CO2 fixation and O2 release，while in southern Xinjiang it is soil conservation.(4)The economic value of man-made forest Ecosystem services in Xinjiang is 1.0132×1010 Yuan，among which direct economic value is 3.67×106 Yuan，indirect economic value is 1.0128×1010 Yuan（2758 times more than the one before）.The region of Ｈａｍｉ has the highest unit area indirect economic value of man-made forest ecosystem in Xinjiang .The indirect economic value of northern Xinjiang mainly depends on water holding，but the indirect economic value of eastern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang are basically made up of soil conversation.(5)Except Urumqi, Kelamayi, Shihezi, Turufana nd Kuitun，there are 11 regions where the indirect economic value per person of ecosystem services is higher than the average GNP. It is obvious that the forests ecosystem greatly benefits human beings.更多还原