【作者】 贡璐；

【导师】 潘晓玲；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 塔里木河流域是生态环境变化的敏感地区，也是我国生物多样性保护及全球变化研究的关键区域之一。研究区属于塔里木河源流和干流上游的交接地带，是典型的生态脆弱带和环境危机带，对以人类活动为主导的区域水土资源的开发反响强烈，主要表现在其景观空间格局及其功能随水土资源开发程度而发生的变化。本研究以景观生态学的前沿理论和方法为指导，借助于3S技术和数理统计软件，在现代绿洲-荒漠陆地生态系统研究成果的基础上，较系统的分析了1990—2000年塔里木河上游地区阿克苏-阿瓦提绿洲生态景观变化，以货币价值的形式估计了这种变化造成的景观生态价值的损益，同时对景观变化的影响因子进行探讨。研究表明，10年间研究区景观变化显著，农田、居民点、盐碱地景观大面积增加，草地、林地、水域、湿地景观都有不同程度的减少；整个地区景观多样性指数、均匀度指数减少，优势度指数、破碎度指数增加，人类对生态景观的干扰程度不断增强；自然因素往往在大环境下影响着景观变化，在10年的时间尺度中景观变化主要是由人为因素驱动，影响农田景观变化的主要因子是经济因素和人口因素；由于景观变化而造成的景观生态价值的损失巨大；提出了研究区景观生态建设的思考，指出只有走区域可持续发展的道路，才能实现经济与社会的最大效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tarim River basin is a sensitive area of ecological environment variation， which is also one of the key areas for biodiversity protection and global change researches. The research area belongs to the zigzag zone between the headstreams and the mainstream in Tarim River basin， and it is typical ecological fragile zone and environmental critical zone. Many effects are caused by the utilization of land and water resources. Along with further development and utilization， great changes of landscape pattern and function have been taken place. Based on the research on oasis-desert ecosystem， with the frontier theory of landscape ecology， changes of landscape of Akesu-Awati oasis from 1990 to 2000 are analyzed and the losses of ecological valuation resulted from landscape change are estimated through the technological train of 3S and statistics. Its influencing factors are also identified. The research shows that the changes of landscape are notable. The landscape patches such as cropland， residential site and saline land increase rapidly in contract to reduction of grassland, forest land, water area and wetland to different degree. The fractal dimension and landscape dominance increase while landscape diversity and evenness decline. These changes indicate the disturbance from humankind is continuously enhanced. Both natural and social economical factors influence on landscape to change， but social economical factors are more dominant in the short period. Economy and population are the main influencing factors resulted in cropland change. There are great losses of the economic value of ecosystem services estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value of ecosystem services of China. The paper puts forwards some suggestions for landscape ecological construction, that is, only by sustainable development of area should achieve the best development of society and economy in the research area.更多还原