【作者】 阿娜尔古丽；

【导师】 阿尔斯兰；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 借代是借关系紧密的甲事物来代替乙事物的一种辞格,一种使用范围很广,使用频率很高的重要修辞格。其使用频率仅次于比喻。然而,它远不止是一种修辞方式,亦作为人类重要的思维方式以及人类认识客观世界的语义手段,早已引起国内外语言学界的关注。当前我国在这方面的研究比较薄弱。关于英汉修辞格的著作和研究论文也不多。而且很多问题上看法不一致。更遗憾的是,至今还没出现对比英维或汉维修辞格的著作，只有一些零碎的论文。而且它们的研究范围没有超出比喻。所有这些情况使比较研究维汉英语修辞格变得很重要.维语,汉语,英语的借代具有很大的相似性,但是它们毕竟属于三种不同的语言。更重要的是它们属于三个不同的文化。所以三种语言的借代也有一些差异。比较是认识事物和世界的一种基本方法,没有比较就没有鉴别,没有鉴别也就不能够深入地把握各种事物的本质。维汉英借代的对比研究,不仅有助于全面了解这些民族在审美观及表现手法上的特点,进一步加深对借代格的认识与研究。而且它的成果对于语言教学,特别是对于作为外语的语言教学,对于两种语言的翻译理论与实践,更具有直接的应用价值。本论文除引言外,分为三章进行论述。在引言中主要阐述了借代这个概念和一些语言学家对其重要性的表述,借代与比喻的区别并提出了研究本题目的重要意义等一些问题。第一章主要讨论维汉英语中常见的,共同的借代模式和各自特有的借代模式。首先举例说明维汉英语中的“以事物的明显标志代事物本身”,“借事物的象征标志代事物”,“借工具代工具使用者或相关事物”等共有的11种借代<WP=3>模式。此后讨论了维汉语共有的一种和英汉语共有的一一种借代模式。最后指出了这三种语言各自特有的借代模式。第二章主要论述了维汉英语对借代概念及其分类标准的不同观点和审视。首先阐述了维汉英语中借代这个概念的不同的论述以及不同的分类标准,重点比较了“Metonomy ”,“旁借”和“??????? ???????????????”以及“Synecdoche”,“对代”和“??????? ???????????????”这两组不同的借代大类。在审视英汉维语分类的同时,阐述了借代和借喻的区别。第三章从思维模式,传统文化观念,物质文化,饮食文化,各自文化中的人物,宗教信仰,社会制度,审美情趣,社会生活风俗习惯,自然环境,颜色词的不同象征意义等方面论述了维汉英语借代中代体选择的文化差异。此后收集了英汉维语各150个借代例子并对其进行分析,用图表的形式表达出各自借代词的文化特征。最后简洁地论述了借代中代体的交流。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metonymy (include Synecdoche and Antonomasia) is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. Apart from Simile and Metaphor, Metonymy is probably one of the most important and widely used figures of speech. However, Metonymy not merely a figure of speech, but also a very important thought method and semantic means of mankind to know the objective world. Therefore, it draws domestic and overseas linguistics` attention. But at present, our domestic study of this aspect is rather backward. There is only a few works and thesis about the figures of speech of Chinese and English. Moreover, there has a lot of different viewpoint toward same problems. More`s the pity that there haven`t appeared a works or thesis about contractive study of Uygur and English or Uygur and Chinese figure of speech, only have the same odds and thesis. In addition, the research scope thee thesis are not go beyond the Simile. All these circumstances make the comparison study of Uygur, Chinese and English Metonymy very important. Uygur, Chinese and English Metonymy have many similarities. But they belong to three different kinds of language indeed. What is most important is they belong to three different cultures. So the Metonymy of three kinds of language also has a difference. It is well known that Contrast is a kind of basic method of knowing the thing and world. There is no comparison, no discriminate. Also can`t hold the innate character of every kind of thing thoroughly. The contractive study of Uygur, Chinese and English Metonymy, not only beneficial to understand the conceptions of beauty and characteristics on the technique of expression in these countries, but also further deepen the cognition and research of Metonymy. In addition, its result have a application value of language teaching and translation theories and practice of three kinds of language. Apart from preface, the thesis is divided into three chapters. In preface, mainly discussed the concept of Metonymy and some linguistics` explanation for its importance, also mention the difference between Metonymy and Metaphor. At last, put forward the importance of study this topic. In chapter 1 mainly discussed the common and special Metonymy mode of Uygur, Chinese and English. At first, illustrate with example “Substitutes token for the thing”, “Substitutes the tool for its user and related things” etc 12 kind of Metonymy mode in Uygur, Chinese and English. Then elaborate the one kind of common Metonymy mode of Uygur-Chinese and Chinese-English respectively. At last pointed out the special mode of these three kinds of language. In chapter 2 mainly discusses the concept of Metonymy and the different standpoint and examine for the classification standard of Uygur, Chinese and English. Then contrast “Metonymy ,旁借and ??????? ???????????????”,“Synecdoche ,<WP=5>对代and ??????????????? ???????” these two set of different type. At the same time, expatiated the difference between Metonymy and Metonomic Metaphor. In chapter 3 describe and analyzes the cultural difference of the tenor choice in Uygur, Chinese and English Metonymy from thought mode, traditional cultural idea, material culture, food culture, figure of each culture, religious faith, social system, conceptious of beauty, customs, living style, geographical surroundings etc. Then collected and analyzed 150 example of Uygur, Chinese, English Metonymy separately. In addition, expresses the cultural trait of Uygur, Chinese, English Metonymy in the form of tables. At last, briefly discussed the exchange of tenor in Metonymy.更多还原