【作者】 朱海生；

【导师】 栾冬梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 分娩哺育栏的使用是为了防止母猪踩、压哺乳仔猪，从而达到提高仔猪成活率的目的，而且分娩哺育栏节省空间，对粪污处理更容易。目前，母猪的分娩哺育栏已经在世界上广泛应用。分娩哺育栏的应用使哺乳仔猪的死亡率降低了30％左右。但是分娩哺育栏的限位架严重的限制了母猪的活动，使母猪的运动量减少，体质下降，繁殖障碍的发生率增加，降低了母猪的利用年限。随着动物福利状况越来越受到人们的关注，各种型式的分娩哺育栏相继出现，它们使母猪有了一定的活动空间，减少了对母猪身体的限制，如外国研究者设计的圆形、椭圆形等各种型式的分娩哺育栏。但无论哪种分娩哺育栏，从占地面积、制作工艺以及成本等因素综合考虑，都不能满足实际生产的需要。在国内主要使用分娩圈和矩形分娩栏来饲养哺乳母猪，但也存在很多问题。本试验的目的是设计一种组合式分娩哺育栏，使之既能解决母猪活动受限的问题，又能满足生产实际的需要，并且通过试验检验它的应用效果。在本试验中，设计、制造并安装组合式分娩哺育栏和矩形分娩哺育栏。组合式分娩哺育栏长2.6m，宽2.2m，限位架长2.1m，宽0.6m，高1.0m。限位架的两侧都可以打开，当把限位架完全打开时，除仔猪保温区外，母猪在整个分娩哺育栏内都可以活动。矩形分娩哺育栏长2.6m，宽1.6m，限位架长2.1m，宽0.6m，高1.0m。在两种分娩哺育栏中，仔猪保温区都设在分娩哺育栏的前部。总共８头经产长白母猪（每组４头）被随机分成两组，采用MY600-860CB型号的B/W＆COLOR DSP DOME录像设备对母猪的行为进行录像。录像分别在母猪分娩后的第9、11、14、18天进行，对母猪的站立、走动、躺卧、坐立等状态行为以及母猪的姿势转换进行观察。试验结果表明，组合式分娩哺育栏减少了对母猪身体的限制，使母猪的活动空间增大，母猪的活动量明显增多，改善了母猪的福利状况，增强了母猪的体质。母猪分娩9天后，组合式分娩哺育栏组的母猪趴卧时间比矩形分娩哺育栏组少，站立和走动时间相对增加，在组合式分娩哺育栏中母猪的姿势转换更加频繁。在组合式分娩哺育栏组中，母猪哺乳期的体重损失显著低于矩形分娩哺育栏组，两个处理组母猪体重损失分别为17.00kg和18.75kg，采食量也显著高于矩形分娩哺育栏组，母猪日采食量分别为5.92kg和5.24kg。组合式分娩哺育栏组和矩形分娩哺育栏组的仔猪育成率分别为93.18%和89.58%，踩、压受伤率分别为2.27%和2.08%，踩压致死率分别为2.27%和4.17%，仔猪下痢发病率分别为31.82%和41.67%，仔猪下痢死亡率分别为4.55%和6.25%。组合式分娩哺育栏和矩形分娩哺育栏仔猪断奶重分别为9.43kg和9.22kg。 从上面的结果可以看出，组合式分娩哺育栏起到了增加母猪活动空间的作用，减少了对母猪身体的限制，母猪的采食量增加，体重损失较少，母猪的体质增强。而且并没有因为母猪的活动增加而使仔猪被踩、压发生率提高，仔猪的育成率、日增重及断奶重都比矩形分娩哺育栏组有所提高。组合式分娩哺育栏提高了母猪和仔猪的福利状况，而且其生产性能与矩形分娩哺育栏组无显著差异。 <WP=6>更多还原

【Abstract】 Farrowing crates were introduced to reduce crushing of the piglets by the sows and reduce piglet mortality, providing a number of benefits such as the saving of space and easier waste management. Farrowing crates were prevalent in the world. But the farrowing crates confined the activities of sows and reduced sow welfare accordingly. In order to improve sow welfare, work had been done to improve the design of farrowing environments. With more and more care for animal welfare, researchers had designed different farrowing crates such as circle, ellipsoid, etc. But overall considering from size, making and capital cost, these farrowing crates could not satisfy practice. In china there were two kinds: pens and rectangular farrowing crates, but they had many defects too. The purpose of th experiment was to design the detachable farrowing crates, which should not only improve the welfare of sows, but also satisfy practice, and should be manageable by the pig producers. Then we prove whether it was applicable. In the study, a detachable farrowing crate was designed (2.6m×2.2m), which had two adjustable side fences. Open the side fences on the seventh day after parturition, Sow could move around easily. The rectangular farrowing crate is 2.6m long and 1.6m wide. The front was provided with a piglet creep in different farrowing crates.A total of 8 sows (4 for each crate type) were videotaped by B/W＆COLOR DSP DOME CAMCORDER for observations of body postures around parturition. These behaviours were compared between the detachable farrowing crates and the rectangular farrowing crates. Each sow was observed on day 9,11,14 and 18 after parturition, behaviour variables included standing, sitting, lying, walking and postural transitions.Sow behaviours were similar in both the detachable farrowing crates and the rectangular farrowing crates, but sow standing and walking behaviours in the detachable farrowing crates were more than that in the rectangular farrowing crates, sow lying behaviours were less. In the detachable farrowing crates, body weight loss of sows during lactation was less than that in the rectangular farrowing crates, 17.00kg versus 18.75kg. Feed intake by a sow a day was more than that in the rectangular farrowing crates, 5.92kg versus 5.24kg. Piglet mortality in the detachable farrowing crates was 6.82% versus 10.42% in rectangular farrowing crate, and piglet mortality due to crushing by the sows was 2.27% versus 4.17%, piglet mortality due to diarrhea was 4.55% versus 6.25%. In both farrowing crates, incidence <WP=8>of piglet diarrhea was 31.82% and 41.67% respectively, which was less in the detachable farrowing crates. The weaning weights of piglets were 9.43kg and 9.22kg in the detachable farrowing crates and the rectangular farrowing crates accordingly. In a word, the detachable farrowing crates can improve not only the welfare and body quality of the sows, but also productivity of sows and piglets. The results above showed that comparing to the rectangular crate, the detachable crates permitted the sows to perform a broader spectrum of behavioural activities. The detachable crates not only retained the protective environment for piglets but also the pig’s weaning rate, the daily weight gains and the body weight of piglets at the end of lactation improved. The crates seemed to improve the well-being of both sows and piglets and there is no significant difference between detachable crate and rectangular crate in performance. Master Candidate: Zhu Haisheng Major: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Supervisor: Associate Prof. Luan Dongmei更多还原