【作者】 刘雪丽；

【导师】 张长利；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 无论从环保角度还是能源角度看，未来电动车都需要有一个大的发展。现代电动车集光、机、电化领域的最新技术于一体，是汽车、电力拖动、电控、化学、计算机、新能源、新材料等工程技术中最新成果的集中产物。整个电动车开发项目由多个子系统组成，作为每个子系统内部，各有各的管理和控制策略，如蓄电池系统就包括蓄电池、电压监测、电流和温度检测传感器、充电器及电池管理单元。本课题截取电动车项目研究中的网络、总线、电池组管理系统和人机界面显示系统，进行实验研究。 CAN(Control Area Network，控制器局域网)总线被认为是电动车最佳通讯结构，成为车辆内部通信网络的首选。本课题使用CAN总线构建通讯网络，收集了大量国内国外使用CAN总线的资料，尤其是汽车方面的应用。CAN总线是多主对等系统，支持竞争。它是计算机网络技术在现代化技术领域的应用和发展。CAN总线技术正在给我们展现一个宽阔的新舞台，并且大有作为。 蓄电池是电动车的心脏。由于蓄电池的分散性，串联使用的蓄电池很容易出现不平衡的问题，或者出现当单只电池损坏未能及时检测到时，造成一组电池损坏的连锁反应。因此有必要对电池的均衡进行检测(即对单只电池进行监测)。整组电池的容量是以状况最差的那一块电池的容量值为准，而不是以平均值或额定值(初始值)为准。这种能量储备元件工作状态的好坏，对于设备的可靠运行至关重要。本文以铅酸蓄电池为例，构建了基于CAN总线的蓄电池监测系统，进入CAN的实践阶段。 本系统以MCS-51系列的89C51为核心，由数据采集模块、CAN总线智能节点、CAN接口卡、上位机四部分组成。数据采集模块采集12支单电池的相关参数，采集信号包括：单只电池电压、放电电流、温度和放电时累计的电量值。温度包括领示电池温度和电池组环境温度。对每节电池电压进行测量，采用了电阻分压的方法；使用霍尔穿心式模块电流传感器将电流转换成电压信号，然后再变换成电流值；采用可编程单总线数字式温度传感器DS18820实现温度信号的采集；采用软件编程的方法进行放电时电量的累计。A／D采用的是串行接口的MAX1270芯片。 下位机软件采用汇编语言编写，包括：下位机的主程序；CAN总线智能节点的软件设计主要包括CAN节点的初始化和报文发送；A／D转换子程序；电量运算子程序；温度转换子程序。上位机的数据接收处理程序和显示界面，采用的是Delphi7.0编写，它的语言基础是Pascal,Delphi被称为第四代编程语言，以它基于窗口和面向对象的编程方法，与Windows系统紧密结合，同时具有Visual C++的强大功能和Visual Basic的易学灵活的特点。它具有功能强大、简便易用和代码执行速度快等优点。 经过电路原理图设计、软硬件调试和实际测量，本系统已成功运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 From environment protection and energy source, electric vehicle need have a great development. Modern EV was centralized outcome in the newest production of auto, power drag, power control, chemistry, new energy sources, new material and computer. Development item of EV was composed of lots of subsystems. Each subsystem had own the strategy of management and controlment. The interception of network, bus, storage battery manage system and interface display system were carried through experiment and research.CAN bus was considered the best communication configuration of EV and became the first select network of interior vehicle. This paper collected lots of information about domestic and international using CAN bus, which were especially used in vehicle. CAN bus was multiple masters equity system, sustained competition. It was application and development of computer network technique in modernization control technique domain. CAN bus was giving us a wide new arena and developed our skill to full.Storage battery was the heart of EV. Because of the dispersed quality of storage battery, storage battery in series easily appeared imbalance problem, or when one cell was broken but it was not detected, resulting in a chain reaction of a group of batteries broken. So we need monitor cell. This equipment of stock power was good and bad which was most important for equipment’s reliable run. This paper took lead acid battery for a example, constructed storage battery monitor system of basing on CAN bus, entered practice phase of CAN bus.89C51 of MCS-51 series was the kernel of this system which was composed of data collecting module, CAN bus intelligent node, interface card and PC. Data collecting module collected correlation parameter of twelve cells, collecting signal included cell voltage, discharge current and accumulative value of quantity of discharge and temperature. Temperature included the temperature of leading battery and environment temperature of a group of battery. Using resistance dispartment voltage measured every cell voltage; Using Hall current sensor transformed current to voltage, then again transforming current value; Using programmable single bus numeric sensor DS18B20 achieved collecting temperature signal; Using software program measured accumulative quantity of discharge; A/D used MAX 1270 chip of serial interface.This system used assemble language and included main program of PC, software design of CAN bus intelligent node included initialization of CAN node and messages transfer,subprogram of A/D conversion, Subprogram of the quantity of charge operation and subprogram of temperature conversion. Data receiving process program and display interface of PC used DelphiT.O to program, whose langue base was Pascal and called the fourth program langue. Based on window and object oriented programming way, close combinedWindows system, at the same time shouldered powerful function of Visual C++ and flexible characteristic of Visual Basic. It has powerful function, simple using and rapid rate of code performing.By design of circuit theory diagram, software and hardware debugging and actual measuring, this system has successfully run.更多还原