【作者】 熊志明；

【导师】 张国强； 彭建国；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 越来越多的流行病学研究表明，即使在非常低的浓度下，大气悬浮颗粒物质量浓度与人群发病率和死亡率仍存在显著的正相关性。但还不清楚其致病机理，即大气中哪些粒径的颗粒物、颗粒物中的哪些化合物是致病因子。室内环境是最主要的颗粒物暴露场所：第一，人类生命的90％在室内度过；第二，大量研究表明，迁移进入室内环境中的大气颗粒物质量浓度与室外颗粒污染物浓度处于同一数量级。因此可以认为，室内环境中的大气悬浮颗粒物是空气环境对人类健康影响的最重要因素之一。 大气悬浮颗粒物污染，尤其是机动车尾气、燃煤烟尘以及建筑工地扬尘，已经引起了我国政府和相关研究机构的重视。室内空气品质与人们的生活息息相关，也受到了广泛关注。但关于室内环境中的颗粒物污染研究，尤其是大气悬浮颗粒物对室内空气品质影响的研究则很少。 本文系统地研究了大气悬浮颗粒物对室内空气品质的影响。首先，对国内外大气悬浮颗粒物对IAQ影响的研究进展进行了回顾和分析，指出了研究中仍存在的问题，确定了研究方法和研究内容；然后介绍了悬浮颗粒物对人体健康的影响，并对一些国家的相关标准进行了分析；进一步在气溶胶力学理论基础上，结合相关经验数据，建立了可预测室内悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的半经验模型，并使用该模型对五类建筑环境中的大气悬浮颗粒物数量、表面积和体积浓度分布进行了预测分析，研究了围护结构隙缝的流道长度和高度及隙缝两侧压差对这五类建筑室内悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的影响；最后，建立了一个简单动态模型，并运用该模型预测了室外颗粒物浓度波动的情况下室内颗粒物浓度的变化，并分析了穿透效率、沉积率和通风率的影响，提出了相应的改善室内空气品质的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Increasing epidemiological studies have reported that particulate air pollution is associated with increased morbidity and mortality even at the generally low levels of air pollution. However, the biological mechanisms have not been understood, i.e. the exact compounds and/or particle size ranges responsible for the health effects have not yet been determined. The indoor environment becomes the most significant exposure potential for particles for two primary reasons. First, people spend most of their time indoors-typically 90%. Second, numerous researches have identified that indoor particulate concentrations of outdoor origin are estimated to be on the same order as outdoor concentrations. Therefore, it is believed that ambient PM indoors has significant effects on human health.Ambient particulate pollution, especially traffic emissions, coal combustion and building-sites dust dispersion, has been paid much attention to by governments and institutes. The public concerns on IAQ are rapidly increasing for its significant role in people’s daily life. However, few researches are on indoor particulate pollution, especially the effects of outdoor particulate matter on IAQ.This paper has done a systematic study on this issue. Firstly, it reviewed and analyzed existing research, home and abroad, on indoor particulate pollution of outdoor origin, then pointed out the existing problem and scheduled the methods and content of this research. Later on, it introduced the effects of PM on human health and related standards in several countries. Based on aerodynamic science and experiments results interested, a semi-empirical size-resolved model for predicting the outdoor particulate size distribution indoors was built. The indoor particulate number, area and volume distribution of outdoor origin in five representative building scenarios were then illustrated. The effects of the length, height of building cracks and the pressure difference on the indoor particulate size distribution were analyzed. At last, a simple dynamic model was developed to predict the indoor particulate concentration variation. The effects of several factors including filtration, ventilation and deposition on the indoor concentrations were analyzed and appropriate control strategies were put forward.更多还原