【作者】 侯新毅；

【导师】 高建民； 姜笑梅；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E．grandis)、窿缘桉(E．exserla)、柠檬桉(E．citriodora)木材为研究对象，以国内常见家具用材核桃楸(Juglans cathayensis)为对照试材，对其机械加工和透明涂饰性能进行了全面试验，力图为桉树人工木材高附加值实木制品的开发利用提供理论依据和技术信息。 机械加工性能测试按照美国ASTM D1666-87标准进行，并综合考虑了我国的生产实际。试验系统测试了三种桉树木材的刨切、砂光、成型、钻孔、榫眼加工、车削等六种加工性能，对加工缺陷进行了分类，拍摄了完整的缺陷照片，并通过实体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了主要加工缺陷，从微观角度揭示了缺陷的实质破坏形式，研究表明： ① 在单项测试中，三种桉树木材的砂光、成型、榫眼加工性能全面超过核桃楸木材；钻孔性能(采用圆形沉割刀中心钻加工)与核桃楸处在同一等级；刨切性能较核桃楸木材低一个等级，但是桉树木材刨切缺陷类型单一、数量少。 ② 在机械加工性能综合评定中，三种桉树木材的综合得分均超过了核桃楸(尾巨桉，41分；窿缘桉，40分；柠檬桉，37分；核桃楸，28分。满分50分。)，表明三种桉树木材具有优良的机械加工性能。 从视觉环境和美学特性的角度出发，深入研究了三种桉树木材的透明涂饰性能。使用国内木器涂饰常见的三种清漆：硝基清漆、醇酸树脂清漆、聚氨酯清漆进行了综合试验，测试了三种桉树木材素材和涂饰后漆膜的色度学和光泽度参数，分析了其变化规律，并结合试验结果对桉树木材的透明涂饰提出了建议。试验表明： ① 色度学参数的变化，在树种间差异显著，柠檬桉木材三种清漆涂饰处理后，几乎所有的色度学参数的变化(醇酸清漆涂饰后的色相差(?)h~*ab除外)均小于尾巨桉、窿缘桉、核桃楸木材，而后者的变幅比较接近。 ② 涂饰后色度学参数的变化数值，醇酸清漆和聚氨酯清漆大于硝基清漆。 ③ 在光泽度的变化上，硝基清漆涂饰处理对光泽度的提高较醇酸清漆和聚氨酯清漆慢；且硝基清漆对光泽度各向异性的降低和改善，也不如后两种清漆明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Completely testing for machining and painting properties of Eucalyptus urophyllax E. grandis, E. exserta and E. citriodora plantation wood has been carried out, which will provide theoretic base and some useful technical information. Juglans cathayensis, the materials commonly used for domestic solid wood furniture production is as comparative specimen.Machining properties testing was mainly based on ASTM D1666-87 standards and also combined internal practical situation. Six items, which are planning sanding shaping boring mortising turning, have been fully studied. The machining defects have been identified and distinguished. Stereotype microscope and SEM were used for observing these defects which in order to reveal its essential destroying form. The study shows:(1)During single item test, Planning Shaping and Mortising ability of three Eucalyptus species are better than Juglans cathayensis. For boring ability (The holes manufactured by brad-point bit.) three Eucalyptus species and Juglans cathayensis stand a same grade. As planning ability three Eucalyptus species is low one grade than Juglans cathayensis, however three Eucalyptus species planning defect type is simpler and magnitude is less.(2)For general assessing of machining ability, three Eucalyptus species obtain high marks than Juglans cathayensis(E. urophyllax E. grandis, 41 points; E. exserta, 40 Points; E. citriodora, 37 points; Juglans cathayensis, 28 points. The general point is 50.), which reveal three Eucalyptus species have a good machining properties.From the viewpoint of vision circumstance and aesthetics, clear painting property for three species of Eucalyptus plantation wood has been researched completely. Nitrocellulose varnish Alkyd varnish and Polyurethane varnish, which are commonly used for wood products painting, were used for the study. The parameters of chromatic aberration and gloss have been measured and then analyzed. Some suggestions are given. Thy study reveals:(1)The change of chroma parameters is obvious in species. The variation scale For E. citriodora painted by three varnishes is less than E. urophylla E. grandis E. exserta and Juglans cathayensis (Except the parameter /dhab painted by Alkyd Varnish). The latter variation scale is closer.(2)For numerical value of chroma parameters change after painting, Alkyd Varnish and Polyurethane Varnish are closer and more higher than Nitrocellulose Varnish.(3) For gloss increasing ,Alkyd and Polyurethane Varnish are faster than Nitrocellulose Varnish. To decreasing and improving anisotropies of gloss, Alkyd and Polyurethane Varnish are also better than Nitrocellulose Varnish.更多还原