煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度若干问题研究

【作者】 田艳敏；

【导师】 肖乾刚；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 经济法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在国际国内力倡可持续发展的今天，煤炭城市环境资源问题的恶化将严重阻碍科学发展观及“五大统筹”中统筹人与自然和谐发展的贯彻落实，也影响到人民生活质量进一步提高和小康目标推进。因此，在依法治国的形势下，改良、创新煤炭城市现有环境资源保护法律制度即可持续发展理论全面贯彻引入；“全程控制”总体思路真正转变；法律体系完备，立法技术质量提高；环境监管机制科学有效改革；民众环保法律意识培植显得尤为迫切。 本文将从以下五个方面进行论证。 第一部分首先提出问题。即在国际国内力倡可持续发展的今日，以不可再生煤炭的开发利用为主要产业的煤炭城市环境污染、资源破坏浪费现象严重，应引起人们重视。而法律作为解决这一问题的重要工具却存在诸多问题，不能对其进行有效规制，应该进行改良、创新。 第二部分主要解析规制以上环境资源问题的煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度在制度设计和制度实施层面存在的问题：无科学发展观的指引，立法总体思路没有真正转变，法律体系粗陋、可操作性差等是制度设计天生的缺陷；监管制度僵化，环境欠债多，煤炭企业环保资金匮乏，民众环保法律意识淡薄等是制度实施层面的缺陷，也是煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度不能有效解决现实环境资源问题的关键因素。 第三部分分析环境资源保护法律制度的理论基础。该部分从人与自然和谐共处环保理念，可持续发展理论以及生态科学理论，环境经济学理论，环境管理理论，法学理论等与以上煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度缺陷必然联系的角度分析了该制度的理论基础。这六个方面其实也正是环境资源保护法律制度理论和实践层面的根基，有其滋养，煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度才鲜活、从而才会高效能。 第四部分介绍了国外解决环境资源问题的成功经验和带给煤炭城市的启示。概括指出了美、日、德、瑞典等发达国家解决环境问题的成功作法：注重人与自然和谐共处的环保理念；经济学理论与方法在立法和环境监管中的充分运用；高质量、完备的环境资源保护法律体系的建立；高效、科学的环境监管机制、体制；大量资金、技术的投入，执法严格，公民环保意识极高。并指出了其成功的深层原因是以上理论根基的坚实。 第五部分推演出我国煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度完善的路径。通过对煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度的诊断，对该制度理论根基的分析和对国外成功经验的借鉴，指出煤炭城市环境资源保护法律制度创新的目标应是可持续发展原则的贯彻、引入;总体思路的真正转变;立法质量的提高，法律体系的完备;高效环境监管机制的创新与完善;民众环保法律意识的培植。又可概括为四个方面即指导思想科学化;法律体系完备化;监管机制高效化;民众环保法律意识加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today, when sustainable development is advocated greatly internationally and domestically, the worsening of the environment resources in coal cities seriously hinders the view of scientific development and the implement of the plan of the harmonious development between human being and nature in "five pools", and has influence on the improvement of people’s life standard and the advancement of the goal of well-being-life as well. Therefore, under the situation of managing the state affairs according the laws, it seems particularly urgent to improve, innovative city of coal existing ambient resources protect legal systems, namely, to introduced the theory of sustainable development all-sided; also, to change the stream of thoughts to "whole -process-control" in deed, to mature the law system and improve the legislation quality, to reform the supervision mechanism effectively and cultivate the consciousness of environmental protection of civilians .This paper will be proved from the five following respects.In the first part the question is presented. Namely, the issue of the environmental pollution and the resources destroyed badly in the coal cities which take the development and utilization of the non-renewable coal as main industry should cause people’s great attention . The law, as the important tool to solve the problem, is not able to manage it effectively with a great many problems, should be improved and innovated.The second part analyses the environmental pollution and the resource wasting in the cities of coal, Mainly focus on the problems existed in the design and the implement of the coal city ambient resources protecting legal systems. That is, there is no direct of scientific development idea or real change in the overall thinking. Besides, the clumsy law system and the bad maneuverability are the born-to-be defects in the design. Also, the rigid supervision system, the district process of executing the law and the low-leveled stuff who execute the law are the imperfections in the implement of the regulations, as well the key factors in solving the environmental problems effectively.The third part analyses the theoretical foundation of the ambient resources protecting system. The analysis of the successful experience in solving environmental problem in foreign countries shows us that beside the success there is the support of theidea of coexisting harmoniously between human being and nature, the direct of the scientific development view and the nutriment of the biological theory, the environment economics theory, the environment management theory and the law theory. Those six aspects are also the theory foundation of the coal city ambient resources protecting legal systems actually. Only with the nutrition of it, the system of our cities of coal ambient resources protecting law is likely to be lively and to be high effective on its function.The fourth part tells us the enlightenment of the successful experience in solving the environmental problems in the cities of coal in foreign countries. It summarizes the successful methods in solving the environmental problems in developed countries such as America, Japan, Germany and Sweden. The methods include: pay attention to the environmental protection idea of harmoniously coexisting between human and nature; the sufficient application of economics theory and method in legislation and environment supervision; the Setting-up of high quality , complete legal system of environmental protection; the high-efficient , scientific environment supervision mechanism ; the input of the a large amount of fund , technology; the strict enforce of the law and the high environmental protection consciousness of citizens. Also, this part points out the deeper reasons of their success is the solidness of the theory foundation .The fifth part presents the route of accomplishing the system of our cities of coal ambient resources protecting law. Through the analysis on the defects of the legal system of protecting the recourses and the successful experience of foreign更多还原