村民自治问题的制度分析

【作者】 卢晓梅；

【导师】 贺永方；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 行政管理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十一届三中全会之后，中国农村延续多年的“政社合一”的体制被政社分开的“乡政村治”格局所取代，乡镇重新成为农村基层政权，乡镇以下实行村民自治。在“乡政”与“村治”实行政治对接的格局下，村民自治得以蓬勃兴起，农村基层直接民主初见端倪。然而，在当前我国村民自治的实际运行中，乡镇政府与村民委员会之间发生的关系偏离；村党支部与村民委员会之间发生的矛盾纠葛；由于一些地方的黑恶势力侵蚀和宗族势力冲击，使村民自治本身发生蜕变，这些成为阻碍村民自治健康发展的几个主要问题。在理论和实践上，人们在研究村民自治中，不得不回答这些重大现实问题。本文试图从分析村民委员会产生的历史原因和社会原因入手，通过制度分析的方法，解析村民自治运行过程中出现的几个主要问题，来探索农村的民主政治建设之路。 本文共分四个部分：第一、村民自治的内容与发展。主要阐述村民自治的基本内容、村民自治的实践与发展过程。第二、村民自治中的问题：分析两委(党支部委员会与村民委员会)矛盾、乡村(乡镇政府与村民委员会)关系偏离、宗族势力和黑恶势力对村民自治的影响和控制。第三、这几个问题产生的制度根源。主要从我国的政治体制、乡镇行政体制、村民自治的相关法律规范和制度建设以及经济、政治体制改革等诸方面剖析这些问题产生的原因。第四、解决问题的制度对策。主要是对症下药，提出了解决问题的办法和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the 3rd session of the 11th Plenary Congress of the Communist Party of China, the long-lasting political and administrative combination system in Chinese countryside has been taken the place by the new format of political and administrative separations. Township governments have resumed to be the basic governments in Chinese countryside, and self-administration is the mode in village level, which enjoys fast development under the environment of conjunction of township village administrations, it shows direct democracy in grass-rooted administrative bodies. However in its process, some setbacks come along, such us: the deviation of the relationship between township governments and village commissions, corruptions in self-administration because of some leaders’ selfishness as well as evil force and classmen’s strength. All the above leads to the problems. Therefore, these important problems have to be dealt with from theoretical and practical views. This thesis, intends to explore the democratic and political construction in the countryside through analysis the historical and social background of village commissions, through analysis to the problems in the process of self-administration. The paper is divided into 4 sections. 1st section: villagers’ self-administration. It focuses on main contents, its practice and progress of this system. 2nd section: 3 focused problems aroused during the implementation of this system. Analysis to specific contradictions, deviations. 3rd section: Causes of the 3 focused problems. Analysis from "Solo leadership", administrative power, legal regulations, clansmen strength. 4th section: Solutions to the problems from system aspect. Specific measures and suggestions are put forward to deal with related affairs.更多还原