基于GIS的湖南省优势作物评价与区划研究

【作者】 易美华；

【导师】 朱自强； 童潜明；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 植物对其生长环境和条件是有选择性的，恰如一方水土养一方人，因此，农业规划必须遵从因地制宜、科学规划、合理布局的原则。要科学规划利用土地，必须先摸家底。许多名、特、优产品除了产地特殊的地理、气候条件、地下水和农技管理外，实际上还与土壤中某些特殊化学成份(微量元素、稀土成份)的分布有关，而这些成份恰恰十分适合这些农作物的生长需要。 本文在分析了土壤与作物之间关系后发现，传统的土壤分类体系不能充分反映土壤性质之间的差异，因此，在前人工作的基础上提出了以土壤的矿质元素、物理性状以及影响这两项性质的成土母岩为分类依据对湖南省土壤重新进行分类，然后，在新的土壤分类体系基础之上，用模糊数学的方法对湖南省几种主要的优势作物进行了综合评价，将一级综合评价结果作为判断作物与土壤之间宜种性的标志，最后根据二级综合评价结果对湖南省优势作物进行了区划，得出了几个主要的优势作物区划带。本文采用模糊数学的方法和先进的GIS技术相结合，构建了优势作物评价与区划的地理信息统，它可以使作物适宜性评价的空间信息与属性信息能够很好地结合在一起，评价更加合理、规范和综合化。本文共分五章，概括如下： 第一章，简要地引述了地理信息系统的定义、系统构成以及农业地质学的基本概念，然后从分析土壤与作物之间的关系入手，给出了新的土壤分类方案，并对本课题的来源，课题研究的主要内容做了介绍。 第二章，本章详尽叙述了地理信息系统数据处理的一般步骤和处理规范，结合本文的数据特点和要求对湖南省优势作物评价与区划系统的数据进行了具体设计，并对数据处理过程中的几个关键技术进行了探讨。 第三章，本章在分析了优势作物评价的理论依据和评价因素的基础上，具体构建了湖南省优势作物综合评定和区划的数学模型，该模型以模糊综合评判方法为主导，同时引入了专家经验知识法给权重向量赋值。并以茶叶为例详细介绍了综合评定的方法和流程。 第四章，本章首先从系统概要着手，论述了湖南省优势作物评价与区划信息系统的总体结构，系统的开发模式、系统开发环境、系统主要功能以及系统的特点，然后对本系统的设计做了重点阐述，分别介绍了系统的功能结构、系统界面设计的思路和方法。 第五章，本章对全文的工作进行了总结，归纳了本课题开展后所取得的主要成果，给出了后续工作的几点建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Plant choose surroundings and conditions to grow, therefore, agriculture programming must adjust measures to local conditions, It must get the exact inventory in order to make good use of land. In fact, many particular plants are not only related to special geographical, climatic conditions, groundwater and agricultural management, but also to the distribution of some special chemic elements (microelement, rare soil) which are most fit for plant’s growth.Having analyzed relation between soil and plant, we found out that the traditional soil classification can’t fully reflect the diversity of soil properties, as a result, we suggests that classify soil of Hunan province according to the mineral elements physical properties and original rock refers to some researcher’s previous work. Then, based on the new soil classification, we gives a synthetic evaluation to Hunan’s several dominant plants, the synthetic evaluation results in first class are regarded as symbol to judge whether the soil is suitable to plant some kind of crop or not. In the end, we gives a agricultural programming to Hunan’s dominant plants according to synthetic evaluation results in second class, divides Hunan area into several distinct zones of dominant plant. In this paper, builds up a GIS system about dominant plant estimation and division with which spatial information can integrate with attribute information well, and estimation becomes more reasonable normative and integrative. This paper consists of five chapters, which are listed as follows:Chapter 1, GIS definition system structure and some basic conceptions of agrogeology are discussed in belief. Then, gives a new soil classification based on analyzing relationship between soil and plant. It also talks about source of this task and the primary contents of this research.Chapter 2, recites normal steps and standards of GIS data processing in detail. It gives specific design to the data link with data characteristic and system requirements, some key techniques about data processing are discussed as well.Chapter 3, on the basis of analyzing the theory about dominant plant’s estimation and factors, it builds up concrete math model about synthetic estimation and division of Hunan dominant plant. Leaded by fuzzyestimation , the model introduces method that value the weight by the way of expert’s experience knowledge. At last, the method and flow of synthetic estimation are introduced with the example of plant-tea.Chapter 4, First introduces about general structure developing model and circumstance main functions and features of the GIS. Second, gives special explain to system design.Chapter 5, all the work of this paper is summarized and chief achievements of this task are concluded, at the same time the following work is suggested.更多还原