【作者】 任敏；

【导师】 周长城；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 社会学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国社会进入大众消费时代，将消费研究与社会学的视野联系起来成为有意义的尝试。本文意在通过消费与社会分层的交叉研究为消费社会学的发展积累实证资料，并尝试为当前中国社会分层的实证研究呈现消费分层的新视角。 本文共分三章。第一章为研究概况介绍，包括研究价值与目的、研究现状综述、调查过程及样本总体描述等三个小节。 第二章集中讨论消费分层，包括消费分层涉及的相关理论问题，及其在本次研究中的具体操作等内容。全章共分为三个小节：一、消费分层的理论论证，二、消费分层的指标选择，三、消费分层与其它分层指标的相关关系。 第一小节，研究者首先从社会分层研究的角度出发，在理论上论证了从一个角度(消费)，而不是根据一个多元指标体系来进行社会分层研究的合理性与可行性。接着，研究者提出了社会分层研究中指标选取的三个原则：一、符合社会主流价值；二、覆盖性与区分性；三、易操作性与具体适宜性。然后，论证消费分层在理论上成立的社会背景，分析了传统社会学理论中的多元分层指标在研究当前中国社会分层问题中所存在的诸多困难，并进而指出选取消费指标进行分层研究具有优越性。 第二小节，研究者首先指出了在消费分层实证研究中，利用家庭恩格尔系数进行分层研究所存在的不足；其次，从理论上论证了本次研究选择服装消费方面的指标为分层标准的可行性与合理性；再次，具体结合服装消费的两个指标“购买服装的场所”与“服装的档次”将武汉市居民划归为下层、中下层、中层、中上层和上层等五个层次。 第三小节，研究者比较分析了消费分层与以“受教育程度”为指标的人力资本分层，以“职业地位”为指标的声望分层、以“家庭年收入”为指标的经济分层分别的相关系数，结果表明消费分层与家庭年收入关系最为密切。然后，将受教育程度、职业类别与消费层次进行了交互分析，分别展现了各受教育程度层次与职业类别在各消费阶层中的分布情况。最后，研究者将消费阶层以及其它常用分层指标，分别与居民的主观阶层意识进行相关分析，在客观阶层地位与主观阶层地位倾向一致的理论假设上，对各相关系数比较的结果证明了消费分层的合理性。 第三章比较研究了各阶层居民的消费方式差异。包括在各个消费类别中的消费资源占有状况、平均支出、消费行为、消费偏好、消费观念等方面的情况。比较按照各消费类别分别进行，整章共分为十个小节:一、饮食消费比较，二、服装消费比较，三、耐用品消费比较，四、住房消费比较，五、交通通讯消费比较，六、闲暇消费比较，七、医疗卫生保健消费比较，八、保险消费与人情消费比较，九、广告消费比较，十、各阶层消费方式比较研究总结。 比较研究的结果表明，在大多数情况下，各阶层居民的消费方式，包括消费行为等客观方面与消费观念等主观方面的情况，在各个消费类别中都存在较大差异。总的来说，较低阶层居民的消费原则是“需求驱动，价格决定”，属于生存型消费;中层居民的消费原则是“实惠第一，适度讲究”，属于约束型消费;较高阶层居民的消费原则是“展现品味，得我所爱”，其内部消费方式分化为享受型消费与知识型消费两类。对广告消费的分析表明，消费主义在中国城市社会中己经出现，但就目前来说，其作用范围主要还限于中层以上的较高阶层。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the era of mass consumption, it would be theoretically valuable to study consumption in sociological perspective in contemporary china. The study means to contribute to the development of Chinese sociology of consumption empirically by examining consumption as an important social structure-reproduction mechanism in modern society. And it also means to introduce a new empirical angle, the consumption stratification, to social stratification study in China.The thesis mainly is compsed of three chapters.Chapter one includes also three parts. Firstly, it illustrates the value of the study, both theoretical and empirical, and the purpose that this research wants to gain. Secondly, it is about the introduction and synthesis of what concerned have been done before by other researchers in the field. Thirdly, it describes the course of survey briefly and represents some general descriptive analysis results of the survey data.Chapter two consists of three parts, too.The first part argues the rationality and the maneuverability of the research, which are rooted in the social background and the international theoretical development of sociology. In this part, firstly, the author argues theoretically that it is of more rationality and advantages that studying social stratification from some valuable angle than from a so-called detailed indicator system. Then, it represents the three principles in choosing indicators to study social stratification. The first one is that what the indicators chosen measure must be related with distinctive values of the society. The second one is that they must be something that according to which a most-wide-range people in society can be distinguished. The third one is that they must be fathomable and come from the specific research project. Thirdly, it represents the social background of which that consumption stratification comes out; and analyzes why traditional stratification indicators, such as vocational class, educational degree, income indicator et al., have been out of date, or exactly to say, not so adequate for social stratification research in China, basing on which results in the conclusion that it would be advantageous to apply some consumptive indicators to social stratification.In the second part, it discusses firstly the unfitness that use Engel’s coefficient asa consumptive indicator in social stratification study. Secondly, it argues theoretically the rationality and maneuverability as to substitute the Engel’s coefficient with indicators concerned with clothes consumption. Lastly, it represents in detail how to combine two indicators concerned with clothes consumption, "where do you buy your clothes usually" and "which class are your most clothes", to differentiate people in five classes in social status ranks: top stratum, top-mid-between stratum, moderate stratum, mid-bottom-between stratum, bottom stratum.In the third part, Correlation analyses between social stratum, which is reached according to consumption differentia, and family yearly income, educational grade and occupation show that the family yearly income has the strongest ties to citizens’ social status, and then occupation, the last educational degree. Then it explores separately in cross tables the distributions of different educational degrees and the various vocations in social strata. Lastly, based on the assumption that people’s social-stratum consciousness is always cline to reflect the objective social stratum situation properly, through comparing the coefficients separately between citizens’ social-stratum consciousness and consumptive strata, educational degrees, and vocational strata, it reaches the conclusion that consumptive indicators work better as the standard to identify people’s social-stratum identities.In chapter three, the researcher compares citizens’ consumption styles of the five classes in two basic aspects: objective aspect, includh g the situation of consumptive resources ownership, the expenditure on various consumption items, the consumptive behaviors, and the subj更多还原