【作者】 马莉莉；

【导师】 方正；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑火灾中人员安全疏散的模拟及预测是一个很复杂的过程。本文主要结合实际观测、案例调查和理论分析等手段，就疏散行动开始前的决策行为以及人员在疏散拥挤状态下的移动进行了深入的分析，并在此基础上建立了人员安全疏散模拟的数学模型，提出了计算建筑火灾中人员安全疏散时间的一种更合理的方法，该方法能较准确的计算出建筑火灾中人员安全疏散所需的时间。 1．采用案例调查等手段，对建筑物火灾疏散行动开始前的决策反应行为进行了大量的问卷调查研究，总结了一般居民在建筑火灾中的行为规律以及影响居民行为的主要因素。调查结果可以为预测建筑物火灾中的人员疏散提供重要的参考依据。 2．建立了拥挤状态下人员移动的动力学方程，推导了人员移动速度公式，并利用国内外的观测研究资料和武昌火车站的实地观测数据进行了验证，结果表明该公式能较好地反映拥挤状态下人员移动速度和人口密度的关系。 3．建立了人员疏散的网络网格模型。该模型首先将建筑物按功能划分为网络单元，根据人员可能的移动方向确定网络流向。再在网络单元内部划分网格，人员在网络单元内按网格移动。确定了人员的移动速度和方向及初始位置后，即可按拉格朗日法计算人员的新位置，直到所有人员全部撤离建筑物为止。 4．通过编制人员疏散移动仿真计算机应用软件，计算出人员疏散时间，进而可以对安全疏散设计进行评价。该软件具有可视化操作、界面友好、虚拟现实演示平面疏散过程、动态演示楼梯及房间拥挤度等特点。 本文不仅可为消防建审人员提供科学合理的消防安全评估方法，也将为建筑设计提供可靠的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The simulation and Predietion of human evaeuation during building fires 15 a veryeomPlieated Proeess.Based on some means ofreseareh，sueh as ease observation，fire casesurveying，theory analysis ete，this PaPer makes some research on deeision Proeess beforeevaeuation action and aetual evacuation flow Process.On the basis of the study，this paPerPresents a reasonable caleulating method for the time of PeoPle’5 safe egress duringbuilding fires and develoPs a numerieal simulation model of safe evaeuation.Theealeulating time of PeoPle evaeuation 15 quite aeeurate. 1 .Based on fire ease surveying，we got a large amount of data on deeision Proeessbefore evaeuation aetion and summarized some rules of human behaviors during buildingfires. The faetors that imPaet the behaviors have also been investigated.The results of thesurveying ean helP to Prediet the human evaeuation during building fires. 2 .The dynamieal equation of evaeuation sPeed has been founded and the sPeedequation has also been derived.By making use of the aforesaid researeh and theobservation in a railway station，the sPeed equation was verified.The results indieate thatthe equation ean refleet Preferably the relationshiP between the sPeed and the erowd density， 3 .A network and grid evacuation simulation model was develoPed in this Paper.Themodel firstly comPartmentalized the building into nodes aecording to the funetion of eaehnode and the Possible eseaPe direetion of eaeh node ean be found by analyzing the way-finding tendency of the evaeuees.Then a finite grid of eells 15 generated within eaeh node.A Person Will oecuPy a eell and move from one eell to the others.Onee the initial Positionsand moving sPeeds are set，the new Position of each Person ean be ealeulated aeeording tothe Lagrange equation.The eomPuting stoPs when all the evaeuees have left the building. 4 .An apPlieation software that ean ealeulate the time of evacuation movement wasdeveloPed.By using it the evaeuation system of design building ean be assessed.Thesoftware has several eonvenient eharacteristies sueh as visual oPeration，interaetive mode，VR Presentation，ete. This Paper not only Provides seientifie and rational methods for assessment of firesafety to fire Proteetion engineer， but also offers a reliable referenee for design buildingsystem.更多还原