【作者】 高春芽；

【导师】 谭君久；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 托马斯·杰斐逊是美国历史上著名的政治家和思想家。在美国历史早期，杰斐逊是本土自由思想的重要阐释者。杰斐逊起草的《独立宣言》是自由主义发展史上的光辉文献，奠定了他在美国自由主义史上的重要位置。本文从“个人——政府(国家)——社会”的视角阐发杰斐逊的自由思想，主要包括自然法思想、分权思想和“知识促进自由”思想。杰斐逊的自由思想主要继承了英国自由理论传统。杰斐逊发展了洛克的自然权利思想，认为“追求幸福”是自然权利的重要内容。在孟德斯鸠三权分立思想的基础上，杰斐逊提出了自己的分权学说，他偏重于权力的分立而不是权力的制约与平衡。杰斐逊自由思想的共和主义倾向削弱了其在英国自由理论传统中的地位，使他偏向了法国自由理论传统。总的来说，杰斐逊的自由思想是英法两国自由理论传统的融合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thomas Jefferson was a famous statesman and thinker in American history. He was an important representative figure of American liberalism. The Declaration of Independence, drawn by Jefferson, is a brilliant document in the history of liberalism .From following three perspectives: individual, state and society, I try to discuss Jefferson’s liberty thoughts, which mainly involve natural rights and separation of powers. He developed John locke’s natural rights, considering "seeking happiness" as one of important natural rights. Taking Montesquieu’s political thoughts as a base, Jefferson brought forward his own ideals. Jefferson focused mainly on separation of powers instead of checks and balance of powers. Jefferson symbolized his liberty thoughts for its republicanism , which makes it difficult to recognize Jefferson’s role in the history of British liberalism tradition. Furthermore, it makes Jefferson incline to the French liberalism tradition.All in all, Jefferson’s liberty thoughts resulted from both the British liberty theories and the French liberty theories.更多还原