【作者】 韩鹏；

【导师】 额尔敦扎布；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 政治经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 三农问题关系到国民经济增长和国民经济发展的全局，从而要重视三农问题的解决，这需要从很多方面努力，其中一个重要的方面是实现农地制度的创新。本文试图从农地制度创新方面来探讨我国三农问题的解决思路，依据这一行文指针，本文主要划分了五大部分来进行具体分析：第一部分说明了对我国农地制度进行研究的重要性。制度的变迁和创新对于一个国家的经济发展至关重要，制度的供给只有适应了制度的需求才能保证经济的快速稳定的发展，即只有制度均衡时才能保证经济的正常发展。同样的道理，三农问题既紧迫又重要，其问题的根源和解决的思路绝不能小瞧农地制度的重要作用，农地制度是否均衡是三农问题能否解决的关键所在。第二部分本文回顾了我国建国以来至今的农地制度的变迁：在短短的五六十年当中，我国经历了土地改革、集体化、家庭联产承包责任制三次重大的变革，同时集体化时期还存在着较为重要的农地制度的变迁，家庭联产承包责任制建立之后又有几经完善。在变革的过程当中，由封建地主土地所有制变革为农民个人土地所有制，又由农民个人土地所有制变革为集体所有制。接着本文的第三部分探讨了每一次农地制度变迁的经济绩效，并且进行了制度分析，制度学派认为制度安排总是由起始时的均衡态势向非均衡态势过渡的，即均衡是暂时的，而非均衡则是常态；非均衡的出现预示着制度变迁和制度创新，我们将建国以来的农地制度变迁看作是由制度均衡到非均衡而引起变迁的过程。无论是强制性的变迁还是诱致性变迁，农地制度的非均衡时的潜在利润是农地制度变迁的基本动力。随着改革带来的激励所引起的潜在收益的耗竭，家庭联产承包贵任制的后期(包括现在)也日益表现出非均衡，所以本文的第四部分分析了我国现行农地制度存在的主要问题:比如经营规模小、农地所有权问题、土地经营权不完整和农民积累资金能力低等，面对现实的问题，在第五部分提出了解决方案:在保持土地集体所有的前提下，逐步推行建立适度规模经营的新型农地股份合作制。本人认为这种农地制度是提高农民收入以及从根本上解决三农问题的一种思路.更多还原

【Abstract】 "Pleasant, agriculture and countryside" have a effect on the whole national economic growth and development. Therefore we should attach importance to the solution of these three problems. Of course we ought to solve these problems in various aspects, one of which is the innovation in farmland institution. In this paper I attempt to answer these problems through the innovation in farmland institution. According to mis, the paper contains five parts to analyse them. In the first part I demonstrate the importance of study on the farmland institution in China. Institutional changes and innovation is indispensable to the economic development of a country. Only when the institutional supply is suitable to the institutional demand, can the economic development be stable and in high velocity. In other words, only the institutional equilibrium can make it possible to develop economy. By the same token, Pleasant, agriculture and countryside are both imperative and important. The source and approach of these problems is closely related to the farmland institution. That whether the farmland institution is equilibrium or not is the key of the solution of these three problems. The second part of this paper looks back the changes of farmer institution in China since October in 1949 .During less than 60 years, three great farmland institution took place in China : "the land reforai", "the collectivization" and "the household responsibility system" .During the collectivization there were important changes of farmland institution. And the household responsibility system has been improved for several times. In the process of innovation, the land system of ownership of feudal landlord had been changed into the land system of ownership of the farmer. Then the land system of ownership of the farmer turned into the land system ofownership of the collective. In the third part of the paper I study theeconomic results of each change of farmland institution and undertake theinstitutional analysis. The institutional school of thought always think thatthe institutional arrangement always shift from the equilibrium to thedisequilibrium. In other words, the equilibrium is temporary, but thedisequilibrium is common phenomenon. The emergence of thedisequilibrium may imply the institutional change and innovation. Weregard the change of farmer institution since 1949 as the change frominstitutional equilibrium to institutional disequilibrium. Irrespective ofinduced change or imposed change, the underlying profit ofdisequilibrium of farmland institution is the essential motivation of thechange of farmland institution. With the underlying profit that resultedfrom reform decrease, the household responsibility system has showeddisequilibrium in recent years. So in the fourth part of this paper, Ianalyse the important problems existing in the current farmlandinstitution of China: for example, small-scale of administration; theproblems of right of ownership in the farmland; inadequacy in landadministration; farmers’ ability to accumulate funds is limited. In the fifthpart of the paper, I come up with solution: under the condition of keepingthe land system of ownership of the collective, we establish moderatescale’s and new farmland shareholding cooperative system step by step .1think that this kind of farmland institution is a way to increase farmers’income and to resolve these three problems.更多还原