【作者】 李香排；

【导师】 蒋旭光； 池涌；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 城市生活垃圾焚烧被广泛应用的同时，其中产生的有害气体（HCl、SO₂、NO_x、CO）也不容忽视。而其中HCl气体的存在不仅会影响到垃圾焚烧炉的设计、运行和维护，而且会造成过热器腐蚀和大气污染。本文在继承已有研究成果的基础上，研究了典型垃圾组分的HCl排放与控制、中氯垃圾氯析出特性、钙基脱氯剂的脱氯机理并尝试探索开发钠基脱氯剂。研究具有承前启后性、创新性和实用性，对于进一步开拓垃圾焚烧污染研究的新领域、解决焚烧中的氯污染问题具有深远的意义。 本文研究包括以下六个方面：垃圾中氯的测定方法介绍；垃圾组分在固定床焚烧中HCl的排放研究；垃圾组分在固定床焚烧中HCl的控制研究；流化床中典型垃圾组分混烧时HCl排放和脱除研究；HCl脱除过程对SO2脱除的影响分析；固定床钙基脱氯剂脱氯动力学模型研究。 本文首先介绍了垃圾中氯含量的几种测试方法：硝酸银容量法、硫氰酸汞分光光度法和离子色谱法，并对硫氰酸汞分光光度计法与离子色谱法的测量精度进行了比较。 在管式炉里面主要进行了中氯垃圾的HCl析出特性研究，研究各种影响因素（燃烧温度、停留时间、燃烧气氛、烟气中水蒸气含量）对燃煤过程中氯化物生成的影响规律。 在排放特性的基础上进行了钙基脱氯剂的脱氯效果以及影响因素研究，试图找出最佳脱氯参数，同时尝试开发钠基脱氯剂，并探索钠基与钙基混合使用的技术前景。 在流化床里进行了典型垃圾组分HCl排放与控制试验研究，研究了HCl的生成与温度及过量空气系数的关系，并研究了HCl浓度对NO和SO₂浓度的影响。 本文首次研究了HCl脱除过程对SO₂脱除的影响，并从微观结构方面进行了分析。同时研究了加入NaCl后对脱氯和脱硫的影响。 完善了未反应收缩核模型，初步讨论了几种物理参数对钙基脱氯剂脱氯效果的影响，并首次用试验结果对模型进行了验证。同时提出了提高脱氯效果的技术途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As incineration was widely used in the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), the harmful gas emitted(HCl, SO2, NOX, CO) from incinerator should not be neglected . For its existence design, operation and maintenance of municipal solid waste incinerators will be greatly influenced; moreover corrosion of super heaters and contamination of air will be realized by HC1. Inheriting from the research findings, the emission and control of HC1 of typical MSW components during incineration, emission of middle-chlorine MSW, dechlorination mechanics of Ca-based sorbents were studied, and also tried to develop new Na-based sorbents. The research can form a connecting link between the preceding and the following, the results will be of significance for chlorination pollution control.In this paper, a series of key problems are reported, including six aspects: the means for the determination of chlorine in MSW, the emission of HC1 of MSW components in fixed bed, the control of HC1 of MSW components during fixed bed incineration, experimental study on the emission and control of HC1 of typical MSW components during FBC, simultaneous chlorination and sulphation on MSW incineration, a kinetics model of dechlorination of Ca-based sorbents in fixed bed.The such means of determination of chlorine in MSW is introduced as silver nitride volumetric analysis (SNVA) method, mercury thiocyanate spectrophotometer (MTS) method and ion chromatography (IC) method etc, the precision of MTS method and IC method is also compared.Chlorine emission characteristics during middle chlorine combustion are studied systemically in fixed bed. The influence factors on chlorine emission with the relationship of chlorine emission as combustion temperature, retention period and combustion atmosphere are obtained.At the base of the emission study, the dechlorination of Ca-based sorbents is studied to try to find the optium parameters. Developing Na-based sorbents is attempted and the prospect of mixing Ca-based sorbents and Na-based sorbents is explored too.The emission and control of HC1 of typical MSW components is studied during FBC, the effect of temperature and excess air factor on HC1 emission and the effect of HC1 concentration on NO and SO2 concentration are also obtained.Simultaneous chlorination and sulphation on MSW incineration is reported inthis paper, this phenomenon is also analyzed from microstucture. The effect of NaCl on dechlorination and sulphation is also explored.The unreacted shrinking-core model is consummated, the effect of some key factors on dechlorination characteristics is studied. Experimental results are also used to test whether the model can reflect the course of dechlorination well. The technical ways to enhance dechlorination is proposed.更多还原