【作者】 江天宝；

【导师】 周冰峰；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文系统研究了环境湿度RH 80％±5％时，29～40℃恒温蜜蜂卵发育历期和孵化率变化的规律；在35℃基础上，变温范围为15～40℃蜜蜂卵发育的规律。结果表明： (1)恒温蜜蜂卵能发育的最高温度都为38℃，能发育的最低温度都为31℃，低于31℃和高于38℃蜜蜂卵都不能发育。 (2)恒温中蜂受精卵发育历期31℃最长109.2h，37℃最短64.8h．发育历期除36℃和37之间差异不显著(P＞0.05)外，其它温度之间均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。孵化率34、35℃最大100％，31℃最小51.5％。直线回归法和直接最优法计算发育起点温度为21.5、22.2℃，有效积温为1102.2、1049.0h．℃。 (3)恒温中蜂未受精卵发育历期31℃最长113.2h，37℃最短67.1h。不同温度对发育历期影响均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。33、35、37℃时孵化率最大100％，31℃最小52.6％。直线回归法和直接最优法计算发育起点温度为22.2、22.8℃，有效积温为1043.3、1003.9h．℃。 (4)恒温意蜂受精卵发育历期31℃时最长110.3h，36℃最短66.8h。发育历期除36℃和37℃之间差异显著(P＜0.05)外，其它温度之间均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。33、35℃时孵化率最大100％，31℃最小78.0％。直线回归法和直接最优法计算发育起点温度为21.8、22.7℃，有效积温为987.6、978.6h．℃。 (5)恒温意蜂未受精卵发育历期31℃时最长114.8h，36℃最短66.5h。不同温度对发育历期影响均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。32、33、35、38℃时孵化率最大100％，31℃最小84.4％。直线回归法和直接最优法计算发育起点温度为22.5、23.3℃，有效积温为970.2、962.3h．℃。 (6)变温中蜂卵能发育的最长变温时间为：15、18℃为4h，21、24℃为8h，福建农林大学硕士学位论文:温度对蜜蜂卵发育影响的研究27℃(受精卵12h，未受精卵sh)，30oC为20h，40oC为Zh。意蜂卵为:15、18、21oC为4h，24、27℃为sh，30，C为20h，40oC为Zh。 (7)变温蜜蜂卵发育历期与恒温35℃时比较，除了中蜂卵30℃变温2h，意蜂受精卵40℃变温Zh，意蜂未受精卵30、40℃变温2h外，其余都差异显著(P<0 .05)。变温蜜蜂卵孵化率与恒温35℃时比较都差异显著(P<0 .05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The honeybee eggs developmental periods(DP) and the hatching rate(HR) were measured systematically when the constant temperature (CT) ranged from 29℃ to 40℃ and the variable temperature(VT) based on 35℃ ranged from 15 ℃ to 40℃. Environmental humidity was RH 80% +5%. The results were as follows:(1) At CT, honeybee eggs could develop from 31℃ to 38℃, and they could not develop high than 38℃ or low than 31℃.(2) At CT, the longest DP of Apis cerana cerane fertilized eggs was 109. 2h at 31℃, and the shortest was 64. 8h at 37℃. All the differences of the DP were highly significant(P<0. 01)except those at 36℃ and 37℃ (P>. 05). The largest HR was 100% at 34 35℃,and the smallest was 51.5% at 31℃. The development threshold temperature (DTT) were 21.6 22.2℃ and the effective thermal summmations (ETS) were 1102. 2 1049. Oh. ℃ respectively by using the linear regression method (LRM) and the direct optimum method (DOP) .(3) At CT, the longest DP of Apis cerana cerane unfertilized eggs was 113.2h at 31℃, and the shortest was 67. 1h at 37℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0. 01) .The largest HR was 100% at 33 35 37℃, and the smallest was 52.6% at 31℃.The DTT were 22.2 22.8℃ and the ETS were 1043.3 1003. 9h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(4) At CT, the longest DP of Apis mellifera ligustica fertilized eggs was 110. 3h at 31℃, and the shortest was 66. 8h at 36℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0.01) except those at 36℃ and 37℃(P>.05) .The largest HR was 100% at 33, 35℃,and the smallest was 78.0% at 31℃. The DTT were 21. 8. 22. 7℃ and the ETS were 987. 6 978. 6h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(5) At CT, the longest DP of Apis mellifera ligustica unfertilized eggs was 114.8h at 31℃,and the shortest was 66. 5h at 36℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0.01) .The largest HR was 100% at 32, 33, 35, 38℃,and the smallest was 84.4% at 31℃. The DTT were 22. 5, 23. 3℃ and the ETS were 970. 2, 962.3h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(6) At VT. the longest variable times that Apis cerana cerane eggs could develop were 4h at 15, 18℃, 8h at 21 24℃, 12h (fertilized eggs) and 8h(unfertilized eggs)at 27℃, 20h at 30℃, 2h at 40℃.The longest variable times that Apis mellifera ligustica eggs could develop were 4h at 15, 18, 21℃, 8h at 24, 27℃, 20h at 30℃, 2h at 40℃.(7) AtVT, the honeybee eggs DP were significant (P<0.05) compared with DP of 35℃ at CT except those of 2h at 40℃ {Apis cerana cerane eggs), 2h at 40℃ {Apis mellifera ligustica fertilized eggs), 2h at 30,40℃ {Apis mellifera ligustica unfertilized eggs). The HR were all significant (P<0. 05) compared with HR of 35TC at CT.更多还原