【作者】 马于涛；

【导师】 陈建勋；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 分析传统工业及计算机硬件产业成功的生产模式可以发现：进行符合预定标准的零部件(构件)生产以及基于设计蓝图的标准构件的产品生产(组装和集成)是产业工程化、工业化的成功之路。近年来人们认识到，要真正解决软件危机，实现软件的工业化生产是切实可行的途径。目前，基于组件的软件开发技术已经成熟；而软件体系结构作为反映决策的中间过程和指导实际开发的蓝图逐渐成为软件工程领域的研究热点和软件开发中的关键技术。因此，在软件复用思想的指导下，进行基于软件体系结构的组件式软件开发为软件产品的工业化和自动化生产提供了技术保障和支持。 虽然面向对象技术是目前的主流开发技术，但实践表明其重用的抽象层次和程度不高，并不能有效支持软件工业化生产所必需的标准，这就需要有新的开发范型和设计方法来解决该问题。在软件复用思想指导下，进行基于软件体系结构的组件组装和集成是一种新的系统设计方法，而如何有效地对典型软件系统进行建模和设计是本文着重论述的问题。由于软件错误的积累和放大效应，以控制软件漂移为目的，本文重点论述了以下三个方面的内容：1)系统体系结构基线的构造；2)系统体系结构模型的构造；3)实际的组装和集成开发过程。其中涉及的两次过渡：从需求到基于软件体系结构的分析模型(体系结构基线)，从系统体系结构模型到宜于实际开发的面向对象的设计模型及实现模型，也都是本文要详细阐述的内容。通过对三个重点、两次过渡和一个指导过程的讨论与说明，形成了一套相对完整的软件建模和设计方法，使得从软件需求到系统实现之间的映射相对自然，在有效利用资源的基础上，减少错误、提高软件开发效率和质量。在该方法的指导下，进行了实际的软件系统开发，取得了良好的效果，最后给出了实例说明。 如今，业界和研究机构关于软件体系结构和产品线系统的研究方兴未艾，新的研究成果不断涌现。这些使得我们有理由相信：新的系统设计和开发方法必将成为软件开发的主流技术，并影响到今后的软件开发和生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Producing components in accordance with prearranged standards and fabricating products (assembling and integrating standardized parts) based on design blueprint is the successful way to industrial industrialization, which is discovered from the analysis of successful manufacture patterns of traditional industries and computer hardware. People recently realized that making software industrialization actualized was the feasible way to resolve software crisis really. At present, the technology of component-based software development (CBSD) has been used widely; on the other hand, software architecture (SA) as the middle process manifesting decision-making and the blueprint guiding the practical development gradually becomes the hotspot of software engineering domain and the key technology in software development. So, SA-based CBSD under the principle of software reuse provides technical base and (environmental) support for industrialization and automation of software manufacture.Although object-oriented technique (OOT) is the main betaking technique presently, numerous facts show that the abstract level and degree of its reuse is low. Therefore, OOT falls short of the necessary standards supporting industrialization of software manufacture, which makes for new paradigm and design method. That SA-based component-assembling and component-integrating according as the principle of software reuse is a new system design method. How to effectively model and design typical software system is the important part discussed in the paper. In respect that accumulation and magnification of software errors, more attentions are paid to some emphases in order to control software drift. These include: 1) the construction of system architectural baseline; 2) the construction of system architectural model; 3) the development of practical assembly and integration. At the same time, the two transitions (from the requirements to SA-based analysis model, namely architectural baseline; from the system’s architectural model to OO design and implementation model appropriate to practical development) are also detailedly discussed in the paper. A suit of relatively entire methods are presented through the discussion and representation of three emphases, two transitions, and one process, which makes the mapping from software requirements to system implementation smooth, decreases errors and enhances efficiency and quality of software development on the basis of effectively making use of resources. The practical development of software system works well according to the discussed method, and the case is given at last.The researches on SA and products line system are in the ascendant, and the new emerges unceasing. These make us convinced that new method must become main technique and influence the upcoming software development and manufacture.更多还原