【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 王庆祥；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 钢铁冶金， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着钢铁工业的发展，高炉冶炼技术的进步，碱金属对高炉冶炼的危害日渐受到重视。本文通过对碱金属在高炉中的行为进行理论分析，发现高炉中的碱金属主要是由铁矿石和焦炭带入的，碱金属的排出主要是通过炉渣，如果高炉内的碱金属不能有效的排出，剩余的碱金属就必然会在高炉内不断的循环富集，给高炉带来一系列的不利影响：对焦炭的气化反应有催化作用，使得焦炭的气化反应加速，大大地降低焦炭的粒度和强度；使烧结矿的中温还原粉化率升高，从而影响到料柱的透气性，使球团矿产生异常膨胀(甚至产生灾难性膨胀)，使其强度降低，粉化率剧增；在高炉内循环的碱金属会通过砖衬的孔隙渗入砖衬，并对其进行侵蚀，从而引起硅铝质耐火材料异常膨胀，热面剥落和严重侵蚀，大大缩减高炉内衬寿命；在不同程度上增加高炉各部位的阻损，从而引起高炉料柱透气性的恶化，压差梯度升高，降低冶炼强度，引起高炉崩、悬料乃至结瘤。 基于碱金属对高炉冶炼的上述危害，本文结合湘钢高炉的实际生产情况，通过理论分析、计算以及其他钢厂防治碱害的经验，提出防治高炉碱害的措施：1)、减少入炉原、燃料的碱金属含量；2)、提高烧结矿中的MgO含量、降低炉渣碱度、降低生铁含硅量、适当增加渣量；3)、采用预还原的金属化球团或部分还原的烧结矿；4)、提高焦炭的抗碱能力；5)采用抗碱侵蚀的耐火材料；6)、周期性性洗炉，以有效地减少碱金属在高炉内的循环富集，降低碱金属对高炉的危害，提高高炉的冶炼强度，降低焦比，改善高炉透气性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of iron and steel industry and the advancement of blast furnace smelting technology, the harmful defects of alkali metals in the blast furnace has been concerned more and more. Through the theoretical analysis on the behavior of alkali metals in the blast furnace, the author finds that alkali metals are introduced in the blast furnace chiefly from the iron ore and the coke, and are discharged mainly from slag. If the alkali metals in the blast furnace are not discharged effectively, the residual alkali metals must be circulated and accumulated constantly in the blast furnace. Alkali metals have a adversely influence on the blast furnace: increase coke consumption and decrease coke granularity and strength; increase mid-temperature pulverization ratio of the sinter and cause swelling of the ore pellets; the circulated alkali metals attack the refractory lining in the blast furnace and reduce the lining life of the blast furnace; have a detrimental effect on gas permeability , reducing the smelting intensity and causing having scaffold formation on the furnace wall.According to the influence of alkali metals on the smelting of blast furnace, the author combines this thesis with the data of Xiangtan Iron and Steel Company, and puts forward suggestions to prevent the harmful defects of alkali metals through the theoretical analysis, the calculation and the experiences of preventing the harmful defects of alkali metals of the other steel plants. The preventive measures for the harmful defects of alkali metals are as follows: 1), reducing the alkali metals content in the raw materials; 2), increasing the MgO content of the sinter , decreasing the basicity of slag , decreasing the Si content of the pig iron, increasing relative slag volume; 3) , introducing prereduced ore pellets or partly reducted sinter; 4)increasing the ability of coke resisting alkali metals; 5), using refractories that have the ability of resisting corrasion of alkali metals; 6) , cleaning the blast furnace periodically. The above recommendations are necessary for decreasing the circulation and accumulation of alkali metals effectively in blast furnace, reducing the harmful influence of alkali metals on blast furnace, increasing the smelting intensity, decreasing the coke rate, improving the gas permeability.更多还原