纳米金刚石的结构性质及应用研究

【作者】 王志成；

【导师】 江晓红；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 采用XRD、Raman、TEM、SEM、IR、EPR和热分析等手段对爆炸法合成的纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石的结构和性质进行了较全面研究。选用多种酸性氧化液处理纳米碳集聚体以获得较纯的纳米金刚石，XRD分析表明用浓HNO₃高温高压处理的提纯效果最好。探讨了制备方法、化学处理条件、粒径大小、表面改性及掺杂对纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石的自由基密度的影响。考察纳米金刚石团聚的原因，提出和构建纳米金刚石及其颗粒团聚的基本模型。利用X射线的衍射强度，计算得出纳米金刚石的德拜特征温度及其它一些物理参数。 采用纳米碳集聚体或纳米金刚石低填充PP基体制备纳米复合材料，通过XRD、DSC和SEM等测试手段研究了复合材料的结晶行为和力学性能。结果发现，填充剂的加入提高了PP的α态晶的结晶度和拉伸强度，但是冲击强度下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano-condensed carbon and nano-diamond were synthesized by explosive detonation, and their structures and properties was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and thermal analysis. Nano-condensed carbon was treated with various of acidic oxidizing solution in order to obtain nano-diamond, XRD studied showed that the best purifying effect can be attained using HNO3 at high pressure and high temperature. The influence of various factors such as preparation methods, condition of chemical treatment, size of particles, surface modification and impurity admixture on density of free-radicals of nano-condensed carbon and nano-diamond were also discussed. The Debye characteristic temperature and some other physics parameters were calculated according to X-ray diffraction intensities. The reasons of nano-diamond aggregation were discussed and a model is proposed. Furthermore, the nano-composites were prepared by low filling nano-condensed carbon or nano-diamond to polypropylene (PP). XRD, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), SEM were used to study the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of nano-composites. The result showed that the crystallization degree of the a crystalline form was increased and the tensile strength was improved, but the impact strength of the nano-composites was decreased.更多还原