【作者】 郭聃；

【导师】 郎奎建；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林经理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究结合绥阳林业局自然概况及经营历史，以绥阳林业局1958年和1999年两期森林分布图为主要数据基础，以地理信息系统为技术平台，建立了研究地区1958年和1999年森林资源的地理数据库，实现了两期森林资源的数字重现。并主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作： (1)统计分析得出了41年间森林资源数量和空间分布的变化过程。研究区域41年间有林地、灌木林地面积增加，森林覆盖率和土地利用率都有所增长，人工林面积有较多增加，林种结构有所改善。但蓄积量大幅下降，林分的龄组、密度结构严重失调，林分生长量偏低。与此同时，非有林地总面积增加且分布范围扩大。 (2)从景观生态学角度对1958年和1999年两期景观格局的空间特征进行了定量分析，确定了各种景观类型的转移概率。分析结果表明：1999年景观类型增多，斑块总数减少，平均斑块面积增加。近、成过熟林在景观中所占比例减小，针叶和珍贵阔叶林比重增加，建筑用地斑块扩大明显。景观整体无明显破碎化，斑块形状趋于复杂。 (3)用森林生态效益计量理论，对该局森林资源变化所带来的生态效益价值变化作出了定量分析和价值评估。整体森林生态效益价值呈下降趋势，特别是森林的涵养水源和保持水土效益价值在森林面积增加的情况下反而下降。 (4)分析了造成森林资源结构、景观格局和生态效益价值不合理变化的原因。由于长期集中过量采伐，严重破坏了一系列森林内在结构。虽然由于近期加强了资源管理和人工造林，森林面积有所回升，但采用科学的方法和有效的措施对蓄积量、树种结构和林龄结构进行改善仍是当务之急、重中之重。 (5)切合实际的提出了具体调整措施并对该局今后发展作出了预测。预计林分各项指标到2040～2060年恢复到1896年水平；生态价值2030年恢复到1958年水平；同时林区经济效益得到增加，职工收入增多，生活逐渐改善。 本研究应用先进的地理信息系统技术，结合景观生态学、森林生态效益计量理论对绥阳林业局跨度为41年的森林资源与生态价值变化进行了综合分析，研究全面系统，对森林资源与生态价值变化的理论研究和该局具体经营管理实践均具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study combines the Shuiyang Forest Department’s natural survey and business history, which is on the GIS technology platform. Shuiyang Forest Department’s two periods of forest maps of 1958 and 1999 are main basic data, set up a forest resource space data base of research area of 1958 and 1999, achieve data return of two periods of forest resource. We mainly make a study of following aspects:(1) We statistically educe the forest resource variation course on quantity and space distributing during forty-one years. During forty-one years, the area of forest land and shrub land increase, forest- covered ratio and used-land ratio rise, artificial forest area increases much more and forest structure also improves. But stand volume descents to a great extent, age class and stand density structure are maladjusted badly, and the number of stand growth is low. At the same time non-forest land area turns wide and distributing range enlarges.(2) From the landscaping and ecology angle, characters of two periods of landscape pattern are quantificationally analyzed in 1958 and 1999; all kinds of styles of landscape change ratio are confirmed. The analysis result indicates that the quality of landscape style becomes large, the total number of patch reduces and average patch area expands. Old growth forest ratio in landscape decreases, softwood forest ratio and rare broad-leaved forest ratio turn high and constructive land patch enlarge apparently. While there is no obvious fragmentation in the whole landscape, the shape of patch trends to be complex.(3) The ecological benefit as a result of forest resource change in the forest department is quantificationally analyzed and evaluated in value by ecological benefit measure theory. The whole ecological benefit shows downtrend, especially the area of nutrient waterhead and water and soil benefit in forest get large, and on the contrary the forest area lessens.(4) The reasons that reasonless change of forest structure comes into being are analyzed. Because of excessive centralized-disforest, a series of internal structure of forest are destroyed seriously, though forest area come back to rise since resource management and artificial forest are strengthened. But scientific methods and effectivemeasures of stand volume forest structure and age class are urgent affairs.(5) Concrete adjustment and measurement that are suitable to the reality is advanced, and the development of Shuiyang Forest Department in future is forecasted. We can foresee that all targets will come back the standard of 1896 by 2040 to 2060, that ecological benefit will also come back to the standard of 1958 by 2030 that at the same moment economic benefit will rise and workers’ earning will increase, and life will improve step by step.By application of advanced GIS, the study combines the landscaping and ecology and ecological benefit measure theory and analyzes synthetically the forty-one years forest resource and environmental change of Shuiyang Forest Department, and all things are considered in the study. It is quite significant on the study of forest resource and environmental change theory and practice in concrete business management in Shuiyang Forest Department.更多还原