【作者】 张峥嵘；

【导师】 王跃先；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 环境与资源保护法， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 森林是陆地生态系统的主体，是国家的重要资源和资产。森林在涵养水源、保持水土、调节气候、改善环境、防风固沙和提供林产品等方面具有不可替代的作用。林业立法是林业法制建设的基础，1998年4月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议作出了《关于修改<中华人民共和国森林法>木龆ā罚薷暮蟮男律址ㄓ梅尚问娇隙吮桓母锸导っ餍兄行У囊恍┚楹妥龇ǎ妨⒘艘幌盗械牧忠捣芍贫取Ａ硗猓裨河?000年1月29日发布的《中华人民共和国森林法实施条例》是对新森林法的具体化，条例对森林法所确立的基本制度进行了明确的细化。森林法和条例中所体现出来的各项法律制度，为社会主义市场经济条件下，依法培育、保护和合理利用森林资源，改善生态环境，实现可持续发展战略提供了重要的法律依据。 本文由政府及领导保护森林资源的任期目标责任制度入手，着重分析了林业用地保护制度、森林生态效益补偿制度、森林林木和林地的流转制度、产权取得登记制度等主要内容。本文力求从制度入手深刻分析我国现有森林法律、法规与现实生产实践的关系，阐明了现有森林法律对指导环境保护、森林资源合理利用、木材生产及可持续发展的重大指导意义。并且指出了现有法律、法规中所存在的不足。 本文的特点是从多个视角来对现有森林法律各项制度内容进行深层次思考。本文的核心内容在于：从制度建设入手，更科学地指导林业生产和实践活动。本文提出了国有林经营制度的改革，以适应新时期形势发展的需要。提出了林木(活立木)的转让、所有权拍卖、林地使用权租赁经营等形式，来对林业发展进行新的尝试。 森林法律和法规是指导我国林业生产和资源保护的指南，法律和制度的科学性和完善性决定了实践活动的规范性。法律制度中的理性和科学的成份越多，就越有利于林业生产和林产品贸易及流通走上正规化、现代化的轨道，从而进入可持续发展的科学道路。随着科学的发展和时代的进步，随着环境保护观念和可持续发展观念进一步深入人心，我国的林业立法工作必将进一步趋于完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest is the main body of earth ecosystem and the important national resource and assets. Forest has un-substituted role on the conservation of water supply ,water and soil conservation, regulating climate, improving environment ,wind break and sand fixation and supplying forestry production .forest legislation was the base of forestry legal system construction .The decision .which was no modifying Forestry Law of the People’s Republic of China ,was made by the second meeting of the number nine people’s congress standing committee on April 29th, 1998. The new forest law affirmed some effective experience and modus operandi proved by reform practice and established a series of forest law system. In addition, the enforcing statute on the forest law of the people’s republic of china put out by state department on January 29th, 2000 embodied essential system in the new forest law. In socialism market economy, every law system in forest law and byelaw supplied important law reference in fostering, protecting and reasonably utilizing forest resource in reason, improving environment and realizing sustainable development stratagem.In this , started with the patriarchate aim responsibility system of protecting forest resource by all levels of government and leader, some laws and statutes such as system on forest land, compensation system on forest ecological effect, circulation system on forest tree and woodland, register system on obtaining property right were analyzed. The relation between forest law and statute in existence in china and practice was profoundly analyzed from system. The great instructing significance of forest law was clarified on guiding environment protecting, reasonably utilizing forest resource in reason, wood production and sustainable development and some shortages in them were pointed out.The emphasis was discussing the content, rigidity and ecology commonweal of forest law and atitude from several angles of view, moreover comparing one or two parts with the respective law of abroad. The core of content was instructing forest production and practice in science. Reforming management system of state forest wad put forward to adapt to the developmental requirement in new era. Some new forms such as forest alienation, ownership function, leasehold management of woodland access were brought forward to attempt forest development.Forest law and statute was directory on instructing forest production andresource protection in China, whose science and perfect determined criterion of practice, the more sensitive and scientific , the more likely the trade and circulation of forest production and forestry production were to walk up normal and modern track then enter for science road of sustainable development of science ,advancement of times and the conception of environment protection and sustainable development going deeply into heart, the forest legislation would be further perfect.更多还原