【作者】 赵利清；

【导师】 王艳荣；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 经调查在三个不同管理水平的草坪群落中共出现杂草82种(包括种下单位)。管理水平较差的草坪群落中有杂草69种；管理水平一般的草坪群落中有杂草38种；管理水平较好的草坪群落中有杂草37种。管理水平较差的草坪群落中，春季和秋季是早开堇菜占优势，夏季是止血马唐占优势；管理水平一般的草坪群落中春、秋季节是赖草占优势，夏季也是止血马唐占优势；管理水平较好的草坪群落中整个生长季是鼠掌老鹳草、鹅绒委陵菜、赖草占优势，且以鼠掌老鹳草的优势度最大。 三种管理水平不同的草坪群落中杂草的多样性指数(香农-威纳指数)变化规律是，管理水平较差和一般的草坪群落中，杂草的香农-威纳指数的最大值出现在春季和秋末；管理水平较好的草坪群落中，杂草的香农-威纳指数的最大值出现在夏末秋初。 由于管理水平和建植时间的不同，草坪杂草发生动态可划分为以下几个阶段：(1)一年生杂草占优势的草坪杂草阶段；(2)多年生阔叶杂草占优势的草坪杂草阶段；(3)多年生阔叶杂草和一年生恶性杂草交替占优势的草坪杂草阶段；(4)具根茎的多年生禾草和一年生恶性杂草交替占优势的草坪杂草阶段；(5)具根茎的多年生禾草和多年生阔叶杂草占优势的草坪杂草阶段。 草坪群落中不同植物的水势日变化均值大小为早开堇菜＞鹅绒委陵菜＞鼠掌老鹳草＞赖草＞铺地委陵菜＞草地早熟禾。 草坪群落中不同植物的光合速率日均值大小为：铺地委陵菜＞鼠掌老鹳草＞赖草＞早开堇菜＞草地早熟禾＞鹅绒委陵菜。 草坪群落中不同植物的蒸腾速率日均值大小为：铺地委陵菜＞早开堇菜＞鼠掌老鹳草＞赖草＞鹅绒委陵菜＞草地早熟禾。 草坪群落中不同植物的水分利用效率日变化均值大小为：鼠掌老鹳草＞赖草＞铺地委陵菜＞早开堇菜＞草地早熟禾＞鹅绒委陵菜。 草坪群落中草坪草和几种主要杂草的生理抗旱性大小依次是草地早熟禾＞止血马唐＞铺地委陵菜＞鹅绒委陵菜＞早开堇菜＞鼠掌老鹳草＞欧亚旋覆花。 在管理水平较好的草坪中土壤物理性质优于管理水平较差的草坪土壤物理性质，所以，在管理水平较好的草坪中植物可以更充分的利用土壤水分。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through investigation, there are 82 species turf weeds in three different management level lawn community including species. There are 69 species turf weeds in worse management lawn community, 38 species in general and 37 species in better. In worse management lawn community Viola prionantha and Digitaria ischaemum are dominant weeds. Variation of important value of dominant weed is that in spring and fall the dominant weed is Viola prionantha while in summer it is Digitaria ischaemum. In general management lawn community it is Leymus secalinus that is the dominant weed in spring and fall and Digitaria ischaemum in summer. In better management lawn community Geranium sibiricum, Potentilla anserine and Leymus secalinus are the dominant weeds all the time and Geranium sibiricum is the most dominant weed.The regular pattern of Shannon-Weinor index of turf weeds in three different management lawn communities is that in worse community maximum Shannon-Weinor index appears in spring and fall but in better community is in late-summer and primary-fall.Genetic dynamic of weed can be divided in several phrases based on different management level and grow time: (1) annual weed stage; (2) perennial latifolious weed stage; (3) alternative stage between perennial latifolious weed and annual malignant weed; (4) alternative stage between perennial herb with rhizome and annual malignant weed; (5) alternative stage between perennial herb with rhizome and perennial latifolious weed.The sequence of diurnal changes of water potential of different plants in lawn community is: Potentilla anserine, Poa pratensisand, Potentilla supine, Leymus secalinus, Geranium sibiricum and Viola prionantha.The sequence of diurnal change of photosynthesis rate of different weeds in lawn community is: Potentilla supine, Geranium sibiricum, Viola prionantha, Poa pratensis and Potentilla anserine. ?The sequence of Diurnal change of transpiration rate of different weeds in lawn community is: Potentilla supine, Viola prionantha, Geranium sibiricum, Leymus secalinus J*otentilla anserine, and Poa pratensis .The sequence of Diurnal change of WUEph of different plants in lawn community is: Geranium sibiricum, Leymus secalinus, Potentilla supine., Viola prionantha, Poa pratensis and Potentilla anserine:The sequence of physiological drought resistance of weeds and turf in lawn community is: Poa pratensis, Digitaria ischaemumj’otentilla supine, Potentilla anserine, Viola prionantha, Geranium sibiricum and Inula britanica.Soil physical quality of better management lawm community is better than worse management lawm community. So plant in better management level lawn community can use water sufficiently.更多还原