【作者】 龙银成；

【导师】 王余龙；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在群体水培条件下，选用来自不同年代、不同产地的生育期相近的中熟籼型水稻品种24个为供试材料，测定其产量构成因素、物质生产与分配、根系形态性状以及根系活性等，采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法对供试品种的单穗重进行聚类，对不同穗型品种有关性状进行综合分析，旨在明确大穗型中籼稻品种的基本特征及其对产量的影响，以期为高产中籼稻品种的选育和栽培提供依据。主要结果如下： （1） 2002、2003年24个供试品种间地上部有关性状的差异分别达1.40-5.94倍和1.47-13.39倍，根系有关性状的差异分别达1.54-11.71倍和1.51-13.39倍。 （2） 采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法对供试品种的单穗重进行聚类分析，大、中、小穗的平均单穗重2002年分别为2.75g、1.96g和1.17g，2003年分别为2.48g、1.79g和1.20g。 （3） 单穗重大的品种平均产量高、品种间变异系数小，单穗重小的品种平均产量低、品种间变异系数大。 （4） 单穗重大的品种，其产量构成特征为单位面积穗数较少、每穗颖花数多、结实率高、饱粒千粒重大、单位面积颖花量和单位面积库容量大；其物质生产与分配特征为抽穗前和抽穗后的干物质生产量以及生物产量均高、经济系数高；其抽穗期根系特征为每株不定根总长度长、每株根干重大、每条不定根长度长、每条不定根重大。 （5） 供试品种的产量与每穗颖花数(r=0.469^*、0.689^**)、结实率(r=0.410^*、0.621^**)、单位面积颖花量(r=0.688^**、0.717^**)、单位面积库容量(r=0.897^**、0.773^**)均呈显著或极显著正相关，与单位面积穗数、饱粒千粒重的关系不密切；龙银成:大艳型中轴稻品种的墓本特征及其对产t的影响供试品种的产量与生物产量(r=0.818“、0.823与、经济系数(r二0.545-、0.752与均呈极显著正相关，其中生物产量对产量的作用大于经济系数。 （6）供试品种的产量与每株不定根总长度（r=0.465，）、每株根干重（r=0.462’）、每条不定根重（r=0.421’）、每条不定根长度（r=0 .383‘）的关系密切，相关系数均达到显著水平，与其他根系性状的关系不密切。更多还原

【Abstract】 24 conventional indica rice (Oryza Sativa.L) varieties from different years and areas, which with near growth duration were employed in solution-cultured experiment to investigate yield and its components, dry matter production and partition, root morphological traits and root activity. The varieties were clustered into 3 types by panicle weight, using hierarchical cluster method to analyze the basic characteristics of large panicle in conventional indica rice varieties and their effect on grain yield. The purpose of this study is to provide valuable bases for selecting and breeding high-yielding rice varieties. Result showed as follows:(1) The ratio of maximum/minimum of traits aboveground ranged from 1.40 to 5.94 and 1.47 to 13.39 , respectively; And that of root traits ranged from 1.54 to 11.71 and 1.51 to 13.39, respectively, in 2002 and 2003.(2) The varieties were clustered into 3 types by panicle weight, using hierarchical cluster method, and result showed that the average of high, medium and low panicle weight was 2.75g, 1.96g and 1.17g, respectively, in 2002; and 2.48g , 1.79g and 1.20g, respectively, in 2003.(3) The varieties with high panicle weight have higher yield and lower coefficient of variation (CV), and the contrary result was observed in varieties with low panicle weight.(4) The characteristics of yield components , biomass accumulated and partitioning , and root traits of varieties with high panicle weight were as follows: Smaller number of panicles per unit area, larger number ofspikelets per panicle, higher spikelet fertility, higher 1000-grain- weight, larger number of spikelets and larger sink potential per unit area; Dry matter accumulated before or after heading , the biomass and the harvest index (HI) were higher; Longer length of adventitious root per plant, higher root dry weight per plant, longer length per adventitious root, higher dry weight per adventitious root.( 5 ) The yield of rice was significantly correlated with spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, the number of spikelets per unit area and sink potential per unit area; and it has no close relation with the number of panicles per unit area and 1000-grain- weight. There existed remarkable relationship between yield and biomass, harvest index. The contribution of biomass to yield was higher than that of harvest index.(6) The yield significantly correlated with length of adventitious root per plant, dry weight of root per plant, dry weight per adventitious root and length per adventitious root. And it has no close relation with other root traits.更多还原