【作者】 王爱华；

【导师】 吴进才；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文就国内外对害虫再猖獗、农药对水稻等植物生理生化的影响，以及近五十年来我国螟虫发生情况的研究进展进行了综述。上世纪末本世纪初三化螟连续多年大发生，为探讨其发生原因，经过3年5个代次的试验，对扑虱灵和吡虫啉使用刺激三化螟产卵进行了研究；并依据螟虫钻蛀特性，田间经由接触药剂诱导再猖獗的可能性较小，进行了药剂使用后水稻植株一些生化物质变化的测定；进行了卵巢卵黄蛋白电泳分析：就农药刺激非耙标害虫三化螟卵巢卵黄蛋白的积累、影响保幼激素滴度水平以及雌雄差异死亡率等几个方面作了比较。 试验结果表明：非耙标害虫三化螟幼虫取食两种农药处理的秀水63，后代成虫产卵量显著高于对照，刺激了三化螟产卵。但这种效应又与水稻品种有关，对三化螟有中等抗性的镇稻2号不明显。另外，低龄幼虫(1龄)处理刺激成虫产卵比高龄幼虫(3龄)处理更明显。生化测定表明扑虱灵、吡虫啉处理后，水稻植株的草酸含量有一定程度下降，叶片光合速率显著下降，还原糖除扑虱灵在秀水63上外，均有显著增加，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶因水稻品种和农药而异。在卵巢卵黄蛋白的比较上，电泳分析无显著差异，扑虱灵处理组的含量显著高于对照，吡虫啉处理与对照无明显差异，且高龄期处理组的蛋白含量明显增加。雌虫羽化后处理组体内保幼激素水平显著高于对照。1972—2002年句容植保站灯下诱蛾2、3代三化螟数据的比较发现，进入20世纪90年代后，2、3代三化螟增殖倍数显著提高，不论是在等方差假设还是异方差假设条件下，t测验都是极显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis reviewed the research progress on resurgence of insects, effects of pesticides on physiology and biochemistry in plants, especially in rices, and occurrence of rice yellow borer(RYB), Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) after 1950 in China. For the reason that RYB occurred heavily in recent years, this study approached the relationship between the pesticides and the reproduction of the non-target insects RYB, including stimulating effect of buprofezin and imidcloprid on the numbers of egg laid by rice yellow borer, Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) of, testing the biochemistry in treated rice plants, the Vitellogenesis (Vg) content in the ovary of RYB, the JH-titre in female RYB moths, and so on.The results showed that the reproductive rate of emergence moths during the larvae feeding on the rice plants of Xiushui 63 treated with the two insecticides was significantly higher than that of control, indicating the numbers of egg laid by the borer were stimulated following buprofezin and imidcloprid applications. However, There was no such effect for the larvae feeding on rice variety Zhendao 2 which showed moderate resistance to the insect. In addition, the incidence of stimulating egg laid for the first instar treated with the two insecticides was greater than that that of for the third instar. Biochemical tests showed that oxalic acid concentration declined, and photosynthetic rate of rice leaves following the two insecticides applications declined significantly compared to control, whereas reducing sugar concentration increased significantly for all other treatments of two varieties except Xiushui 63 treated with buprofezin. Level of glutathione-S-transferase varied with rice variety and insecticide. And there was no different dominant band presented by SDS-PAGE between Vg of female moths during the larvae feeding on the treated rice plants and that of control. The Vg content in the ovary of moths during the larvae feeding on the rice treated with buprofezin was also significantly higher than that of control, and the Vg content of moths feeding on the imidcloprid treated rice did not so. Furtherly the Vg content of moths living on the rice plants, treated with pesticides when RYB was elder larvae (4 instar), was highest in those of treated and control. The JH-titre in the moths fed on the pesticides-treated-plant was significantly higher than that of control. Since 1990’s theratio of the third generation adults of RYB to the second generation adults under light trap was significantly higher than that before 1990’s.更多还原