【作者】 翟凤艳；

【导师】 李玉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 猴头菌属(Hericium)真菌是珍贵的药膳兼用菌，利用猴头菌属真菌发酵液浸膏制成的药物在临床应用中治疗胃炎、胃溃疡等消化系统疾病取得了显著的疗效。此外，现代医学和药理学的很多研究表明，猴头菌属真菌在提高机体免疫力、抗癌抑瘤、降血压、降血糖等多方面均具有一定的疗效。因此，近年来对猴头菌属真菌化学成分的研究越来越引起人们的重视。 小刺猴头菌[Hericium caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.)Pers.]是猴头菌属中的一个种，其发酵液浸膏是中药“胃乐新”的主要成分，但是其化学组成和药效成分至今未被明确。为了给猴头菌属真菌化学成分的系统研究增添新的内容，尤其是加强该属真菌中水溶性小分子有机化合物的研究，推进小刺猴头菌化学成分研究进展，为“胃乐新”药效成分的明确奠定基础，本论文对小刺猴头菌子实体化学成分进行了研究。 本论文采用溶剂提取法充分提取小刺猴头菌子实体中小分子有机化学成分。将小刺猴头菌子实体在40℃烘干箱中烘干，粉碎成粉末状。在室温下用95％医用乙醇分多次对小刺猴头菌子实体粉末进行浸泡提取。合并多次乙醇提取液，在40℃条件下减压浓缩，得到乙醇提取液浸膏。该浸膏在室温下放置自然分为明显的四层，用离心机在4000rpm条件下离心10min，这种分层结果不变。本论文以此提取浓缩液第三层和第四层样品为主要研究对象。预试验结果显示：第三层、第四层样品碳水化合物显色突出，其它类化合物定性反应现象不明显。 采用系统溶剂分离法、萃取法、层析法、结晶及重结晶等多种方法和不同的分离工艺路线，对小刺猴头菌子实体乙醇提取浓缩液浸膏第三层、第四层样品进行逐级分离纯化，得到三种水溶性结晶：结晶A、结晶B和结晶C。利用半制备型高效液相色谱在适当条件对这三种晶体进行进一步的分离和纯化，分别得到三种化合物：化合物A、化合物B和化合物C。 通过物理常数、化学方法和波谱分析[红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、气质联机分析(GC／MS)、质谱(MS)]等多种方法对这三种化合物进行了分析鉴定。分析结果得出这种化合物均是多元醇类化合物，其中化合物A为阿拉伯糖醇，化合物B为赤藓糖醇，化合物C为甘露糖醇。 到目前为止，对小刺猴头菌化学成分的研究开展得很少，尤其对水溶性小分子有机化合物的研究更少。目前关于糖醇类化合物，只有宋慧在其对小刺猴头菌子实体化学成分的研究中报道分离得到了三种糖醇类化合物，分别为赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇和木糖醇。本研究中分离得到的赤藓糖醇与宋慧的报道相吻合，但本研究分离得到的阿拉伯糖醇和甘露糖醇在有关小刺猴头茵的研究中未见报道。 糖醇类化合物以其低热量、不致龋齿、不引起血糖波动和无毒性等诸多优点而越来越受到重视，在食品、医药、化工等方面都得到广泛应用。本研究从小刺猴头菌子实体中提取分离得到大量糖醇类化合物，这一结论使真菌提取可能成为生产上获得糖醇类化合物的快速、简便、低成本的新途径，同时为小刺猴头菌子实体化学成分的研究增加了新的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fungi in genus Hericium are valuable for both pharmacopoeia and edibility. Medicines made from concentrated barmy liquid show obvious effects on gastricism, gastic ulcer and other digestive system diseases in clinical applications. In addition, many researches in medicine and pharmacology have proved that the fungi in genus Hericium have certain therapeutical effects in improving immunity, restraining cancer, reducing blood pressure and blood sugar, and so on. Therefore, in recent years studies on chemical compositions of the fungi in this genus are gaining more and more recognition.Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. is a species in genus Hericium. It’s concentrated barmy liquid is a main composition in a Chinese traditional medicine-"Weilexin", but its chemical and medical active compositions have not been made sure yet .In order to add new content to the systematic researches on chemical compositions of the fungus Hericium, especially to enforce the studies on water soluble small molecular chemical compositions of the fungi in this genus and to advance the studies on chemical compositions of H. caput-medusae and make basis for determinating the medical active compositions of "Weilexin", this research studied the small molecular compositions of H. caput-medusae.Solvent extracting method was employed to extract small molecular substances from the fruiting body of H.caput-medusae. Roast the fruiting body of H.caput-medusae with oven at 40C and communite them into powder .Soak and extract the powder with 95% ethanol at room temperature for many times .The superant was collected and combined and was distilled at 40C at a reduced pressure to obtain ethanol concentrated extract liquid. After laying still at room temperature, the ethanol concentrated extract liquid divided into four obvious layers and after dimission at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, the result did not change. This study mainly focused on the third layer and the fourth layer samples. In these two layers, carbohydrates were obviously found in advanced experiment, while no other type of compounds were found.Systematic solvent separation, two phases solvent extraction, chromatography, crystallization and recrystallization methods were applied to separate and purify the chemical compositions in both the two layers respectively and gradually by different isolation process. Three water soluable crystals, crystal A, B and C were obtained after systematic isolation. By using HPLC and further isolation and purification, three compounds, compound A, B and C were obtained respectively. On the basis of physical constants, chemical evidence and spectrum analysis [IR, NMR (including 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), GC/MS and MS ], the three compounds were identified. The analysis results indicated that the three compounds were all alcoholized saccharides. To be more exact, compound A was arabitol, compound B was erythritol and compound C was mannitol.So far, studies on chemical compositions of H.caput-medusae are rare, especially studies on the small molecular substances. The only report about alcoholized saccharides was by. SongHui, who reported having obtained three kinds of alcoholized saccharides: erythritolxylitol and glucitol from the fruiting body of H. caput-medusae. The isolation results of erythritol in two studies can match each other, while till now there have been no reports about obtaining arabitol and mannitol from H. caput-medusae.Alcoholized saccharide compounds contain very low calorie, can t decay teeth and cause blood sugar undulation and are poisonousless. They have so many virtues that they are attached more and more importance and are applied on food, medicine, chemical industry, and so on.This study isolated and obtained a large amount of alcoholized saccharides from the fruiting body of H. caput-medusae. This result may make fungy extracting be a possible and new economical way to obtain alcoholized saccharides in industrialized production. This result also added new content to the studies on chemical compositions of H, caput-medusae.更多还原