【作者】 迟丽华；

【导师】 徐克章；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了研究等离子体对作物的影响，用等离子体种子处理机处理作物种子，处理后的植株在理化效应方面发生了一定变化。结果如下： 玉米的室内培养，在玉米三叶期，对玉米实施盐害、冷害和干旱处理，胁迫处理4天，测定植株的可溶性糖、脯氨酸、根系过氧化物酶和电解质外渗率。玉米和大豆的大田种植，在玉米和大豆的主要生育期内，对其叶面积、株高、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、比叶重进行测定，并测定玉米在灌浆期和大豆在鼓粒期的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化。并对玉米进行产量测定。 等离子体处理的玉米苗期可溶性糖含量的变化表现为：玉米在正常生长的情况下，各处理的可溶性糖的含量均高于对照，表现为：T3＞T1＞T4＞T2＞CK，而T3的可溶性糖含量最高。当玉米处于胁迫时，可溶性糖含量均高于正常生长时的糖含量，尤其干旱对玉米的影响最为严重，在干旱胁迫下，各处理的糖含量变化趋势为T3＞T4＞T1＞T2＞CK，玉米在冷害时T3的可溶性糖含量高出对照较多，盐害时各处理的糖含量与对照相差无几。 通过不同剂量的等离子体处理的玉米苗期在盐害、干旱、冷害胁迫下脯氨酸含量的变化情况进行研究，表明逆境下脯氨酸的含量均升高，干旱对脯氨酸含量的影响最严重，各处理间的脯氨酸含量表现为T3＞T4＞T2＞T1＞CK。冷害对脯氨酸影响的变化趋势为T4＞T3＞T1＞T2＞CK，盐害对脯氨酸的影响表现为T3＞T4vT2＞T1＞CK。 无论在正常生长还是在盐害、干旱和冷害等胁迫下，处理植株的POD活性显著高于对照植株。在干旱条件下，T3的POD活性比CK提高53.6％。 玉米胁迫下叶片的电解质外渗率均增大，即膜透性增大，干旱对膜的伤害最为严重，表现为CK＞T1＞T3＞T2＞T4，可知T4在干旱下受到的伤害最小，并且T2和T3的电解质外渗率也明显小于对照。盐害情况下T2、T3和T4受到的破坏比对照也小，而冷害则不太明显。 由玉米单株功能叶片面积的动态观测可知，处理植株与对照植株在叶片总数上没有明显变化，但处理植株叶片生长提前，比对照植株早1-2天达到最大叶面积，且同叶位单个叶片面积增加，这样就使群体叶片面积指数大于对照。在玉米的生育期内T3处理植株的叶面积明显高于对照。 等离子体对光合速率的日变化有一定的影响，T3和T4的光合速率在一天中都明显高于对照，尤其在上午10∶00左右T3的光合速率高出对照4.7μmolm^-2s^-1。大豆的光合速率日变化与玉米的日变化有着类似的变化趋势，等离子体处理的T2和T3的光合速率也明显高于对照。吉林农业大学硕士学位论文等离子体对作物种子生物学效应的研究 蒸腾速率的日变化与光合速率的日变化有相同的趋势。各处理的蒸腾速率在午10:00均高于对照，T3的蒸腾速率最大。大豆蒸腾速率的日变化，在下午4:00之前，T2、T3和T4的蒸腾速率均大于对照，尤其T3的蒸腾速率高出对照最多。 玉米从拔节期到灌浆末期，等离子体处理的玉米可溶性糖含量均高于对照。尤其是在抽穗到灌浆期，处理植株可溶性糖含量比对照植株增加11 .2%一17.5%。大豆从开花期到成熟期处理的可溶性糖含量均高于对照，尤其在鼓粒期T3的可溶性糖含量比CK增加3 5.49%。 玉米从抽穗期到灌浆期，处理植株的可溶性蛋白含量明显高于对照，尤其T3和T4比对照分别高出36.2%和27.3%。在大豆生育期内，除了鼓粒期T4的溶性糖低于对照外，处理植株的可溶性蛋白含量均明显高于对照。 等离子体处理的玉米叶绿素含量在灌浆期明显高于对照，尤其T3和TZ的叶绿素含量高出的较多。在大豆生育期内T3的叶绿素含量都高于对照，尤其在大豆的鼓粒期T3的叶绿素含量较对照的叶绿素含量更有明显的提高。 从拔节期到成熟期，玉米处理植株的比叶重高于对照植株，尤其是灌浆期TZ和T3的比叶重分别比CK高1.lmg/g和0.gmg/g。大豆从结芙期到成熟期，处理植株的比叶重和对照的比叶重表现为T3>T4>T1>TZ>CK，尤其T3和T2在鼓粒期的比叶重显著高于对照。 等离子体处理的玉米，其籽粒产量、主要产量性状都发生变化，由产量测定结果可知，等离子体处理的玉米穗较对照粗，在对空穗率、倒折率测定过程中发现，玉米经等离子体处理后，此两项指标均显著降低。这也是等离子体使产量增加的一个因素。在穗位方面，T3穗位降低n.34cm。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effect of plasma to the plant. The seeds of plant were treated by plasma treatment machine. The plant took a certain changes after treatment.The cultivation indoors of maize, the maize was put under salinity stress, cold stress and dry stress at three leaves stages. The stress was continued 4 days. Then measured the soluble sugar content, pro content, POD content and Electrolyte leakage rate of the crop. In the main growth stages of the maize and soybean in the farmland cultivation, we measured the leaf areas, plant height, the soluble sugar content, the soluble albumen content, chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight (SLW). The variation of diurnal photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomata conductance were measured at filling stage of maize and at tympanic grain stage of soybean. Then determine the yield of maize.Variation of the soluble sugar content of maize in the seedling stage witch being treated by the plasma is: under the normal condition, the soluble sugar content which being treated is higher than the contrast. It was T3>T1>T4>T1>CK. Among those, the soluble sugar content of T3 is the highest. When maize was under stress, the soluble sugar content was increased than the normal, especially under dry stress. Under the dry stress, the soluble sugar content is T3>T4>T1>T2>CK. In the frosty stress e, the soluble sugar content of T3 is much higher than CK. Under the salinity stress, the soluble sugar content is not so much change to the normal.To study the proline content of maize under salinity stress, dry stress and frosty stress, the result was: the proline content all increased under stress. The effect of proline content under dry stress was the most serious. The proline content is T3>T4>T2>T1>CK. The proline content under the frosty stress is T3>T4>T2>T1>CK. From that we know, under the stress the proline content of maize which be disposed by plasma was increased. That is, the plasma treatment improved the resistant of the stress.The treated plant’s of POD is higher than CK. Under dry stress, the POD of T3 is higher than CK by 53.6%.The electrolyte leakage rate of maize increased under stress, that is the penetration of film increased. The damage of dry stress is the most serious to the film. It is CK>T1>T3>T2>T4. From that we know that T4 is the lowest damaged. The electrolyte leakage rate of T2 and T3 were lower than CK. Under salinity stress, T2, T3 and T4 is not so serious than CK. But frosty stress is not so clear.From the leaf area we know, there were not so much changes on the total leaf between the plasma treatment and the CK. But the leaf of plasma treatment stretch out earlier than CK. It is earlier one to two days than CK to reach the biggest leaf area. The single leaf of the same apposition is increased. That makes the colony LAI larger than CK. The leaf of T3 is clearlylarger than CK in the growth stages.The plasma treatment has a certain affect to maize of the photosynthesis rate of daily. The photosynthesis rate of T3 and T4 are clearly higher than CK during the day. Especially at 10:00 am, the photosynthesis rate of T3 is higher than CK by 4.7 umolm-2s-1 .The photosynthesis rate of soybean has resemble tendency change. The photosynthesis rate of T2 and T3 are higher than CK.The transpiration rates of disposed are all higher than CK at 10:00 am. Among those T3 is the biggest. The transpiration rate of soybean, T2 , T3 and T4 are all larger than CK before 4:00 pm , especially T3.From jointing stage to filling stage, the soluble sugar content of plasma treatment maize are all higher than CK. Especially in heeding stage to filling stage, the soluble sugar content of disposed plant is 11.2 % to 17.5% higher than CK. The soluble sugar content is higher than CK from flowering stage to mature stage. Especially T3 is 35.49 % higher than CK at tympanic grain of soybean.From heeding stage to filling stage of maize, the soluble albumen content are all clearly higher than CK. Especially T3 and T4 are 36.2 % and 27.3 % higher than CK. At the grow更多还原