铸造粉尘—水泥基复合材料及应用研究

【作者】 翟凤瑞；

【导师】 吴勇生；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济建设和工业的快速发展，废弃物粉尘的排放和收集量均已很大。这些粉尘的存在，不仅占用了大量的耕地，而且严重污染了环境，造成沉重的经济、社会和环境负担。本论文系统地论述了废弃物粉尘的物化特性、危害、卫生标准和排放标准；介绍了水泥基复合材料的优点，以及复合材料的颗粒增强原理及其相容性状况。 在本论文中，主要是用废弃物粉尘作为水泥基复合材料中的细骨料，在满足制品性能要求的情况下，使废弃物粉尘的使用量尽量大。实验中设计了多组配比进行试验，采用沸水加速养护的方法来早期推定水泥基复合材料试样的强度，再根据所推定强度对试样配合比进行相应调整，最终确定出一个可行而又经济的试样配方。在确定试样优化配方的基础上，论文还研究了试验原料、试验工艺条件和外加料等对试样性能的影响。同时对该优化配方下试样的相关性能进行了测试，并利用扫描电镜测试技术对试样的微观表征进行了分析，最后利用该优化配方作为路面砖的底料配方进行了路面砖的试制。 试验结果最终确定了优化配方中废弃物粉尘的添加量为：粉煤灰15％，一汽废砂粉尘25％。路面砖的试制结果也表明路面砖的合适生产配方为：面层料：水泥：河砂：水=1：1.5：0.3，底料：水泥：粉煤灰：废砂粉尘：碎石=18：15：25：42，其中底料中水的添加量适量。用该配方所试制制品的性能为：抗压强度30.4MPa，抗折强度4.1 MPa，容重1880 kg／m~3，含水率3.7％，吸水率11.1％。 通过与常规路面砖的生产相比较，本产品具有利废量大、生产成本低等优点。本课题利用细骨料废弃物粉尘作为路面砖底料来进行制品的生产是一种合理的处理废弃物粉尘的方法。这样不仅节约了资源，而且降低了粉尘对环境的污染，具有很高的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and industry in our country.the dumping and collection of waste powder are very large. Waste powder not only covers many arrable lands, but also pollute the environment seriously so that it has become a great burden for economy, society and environment. This paper is to systematically discuss physical and chemical property, harm, the hygiene standard, dumping standard, and to introduce the advantages of cement-based composite, also to introduce the principle and compatibility of grain-strengthened composite.In this paper, wastes powder is used as thin framework material in concrete and made use of waste powder as much as possible under the condition that meet the demand of using. In experiment, several prescriptions are designed. Boiling water is adopted to accelerate hardening in order to assess the strength of sample earlier, and at last a viable and economic prescription is gained. Based on the optimized prescription, how to affect the property of cement-based composite by raw materials, technological condition, additives, etc, is studied. At the same time, concerned properties of sample are tested, and micro surface property is analyzed by use of SEM. Finally the optimized prescription is used to make road brick.The resulting optimized prescription of waste powder addition is: 15%(fly ash),25%(used sand powder from the first vehicle manufactory). Experimental results show that the adequate prescription is: for surface material, cement: sand: water=l: 1.5: 0.3; for bottom material, cement: fly ash: used sand powder: shattered stone=18: 15: 25: 42, and the addition of water in bottom material is appropriate. The properties of product made of this prescription are: tensile strength resistance, 30.4 MPa; deflecting strength resistance, 4.1 MPa; density, 1880 kg s/m3; rate of water containing,3.7%; rate of water absorbing, 11.1%.Compared with normal road brick, this product has the advantages of great usage of waste, low producing cost, etc. Waste powder is used as bottom material of road brick to make product, which is a way of dealing waste powder. This way not only save resources, but also decrease the pollution of powder to environment ,and have high economic and social profit.更多还原