从长江三峡库尾（重庆段）淤砂中提钪试验研究

【作者】 李春梅；

【导师】 张宗华；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿物加工， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 长江是中国人民的母亲河，三峡工程是举世瞩目的伟大工程，三峡大坝建成后，长江重庆段成为库尾，会造成大量泥砂在此淤积。大量的淤砂不仅会严重影响长江航道的顺利通航，也会给当地环境造成严重污染。因此，淤砂的处理成为保护三峡，保证长江重庆段顺利通航以及保护坏境的重要问题。经过对淤砂取样研究分析得出，长江三峡库尾(重庆段)淤砂是一个以非金矿物为主，高硅、高钙、镁的物料，并含有稀贵金属钪。钪是一种物理、化学性能优异的稀有金属，价格极其昂贵且应用价值极高，广泛应用于国防、冶金、化工、玻璃、航天、核技术、激光、电子、计算机电光源、超导以及医疗科学等领域。研究分析得出，长江三峡(重庆段)库尾淤砂中钪的品位为6． 6g／t。经过经济分析及预算，如果将淤砂中的这些钪提取出来，不仅解决了泥砂淤积问题，而且可以获得相当大的经济效益，促进当地经济的发展。本课题进行了从长江三峡库尾(重庆段)淤砂中提钪的试验研究。根据对淤砂的矿物组成及工艺矿物学研究，我们查清了主要含钪矿物是钛辉石和钛铁矿。根据二者比重上的性质差异，首先采用螺旋抛尾得到钪的粗精矿，然后进行了粗精矿磨矿-重选-磁选-电选联合工艺流程的小型试验研究，最后对该工艺流程进行了半工业考核试验，验证了该工艺流程的可行性。经过对淤砂进行以上选矿试验，得到了品位为96． 23g／t，回收率为62． 11％钪精矿；然后将所得钪精矿进行了浸出-萃取-反萃取-草酸沉淀等一系列工艺研究，得到了金属钪的氧化物Sc2O3。本课题还对金属钪的提取进行了探索性的试验研究，最终得到了品位为97． 3 8％的金属钪。选钪过程的同时选出了品位为54． 21％钛磁铁精矿，选矿试验所产生的尾矿可作建筑材料原料加以综合回收利用。本课题对淤砂选钪过程中所产生的尾矿、钪精矿浸出过程所产生的浸渣以及萃取过程所产生的废液都进行了处理和吲收利用，确保了整个试验过程对环境不产生污染，符合现代选矿的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yangtsc River is the mother of our Chinese, while the Three Canyon Dam is a great engineering in the world. Since the Dam was founded, the stage of Yangtse River at Chong Qing became the end of the reservoir, where amount of silt sediment yearly. The great amount of silt not only brought great trouble to the transport of the Yangtse River, but also brought into the problem of environment pollution. Therefore, the comprehensive treatment to the silt of the stage of Yangtse River at Chong Qing becomes a impending problem.Through studying to the silt of the end of the reservoir, we found that the silt is a matter with high silicon, calcium and magnesium, which also contains the rare metal Scandium. Because the metal of Scandium has many good physical and chemical characters, it is used in many fields, such as national technology, metallurgy, chemical combination, glass, spaceflight, nuclear technology, laser, electron, light lamp-house of computer, superconduct and medical treatment. In the silt, the grade of Scandium is 6.6 gram per ton. Through the economy budget, if these Scandium were picked-up, it will bring great benefit to the society, while the problem of the silt sedimentation is solved.In this dissertation, test of reclaim Scandium from the silt was studied. Through studying to the silt, we found the element of Scandium lies mainly in the minerals of ilmenite and titanaugite. On the basis of the difference of their characters of gravity, the tailings can be thrown away by spiral concentrators and spiral chute. Therefore the Scandium concentrate was got. Through a series of mineral separation processing, grinding-magnetic-electric, the grade of Scandium was highly raised. On the basis of the small test, the half-industry and product-type experiment was studied. As the result, the grade of Scandium reached 96.23g/t and the recovery reached 62.11%. At the same time, the iron concentrate with grade of 54.21% was gained. To enrichment the Scandium, the technology of leaching-extraction-stripping was studied, from which we got the oxide scandium. Through reduction at high temperature, the metal Scandium was gained. All of these proved the mineral processing flow is reasonable. The tailings of the mineral processing can be used of sands of buildings.Test of disposal and comprehensive to the tailings, leaching residue and oliquid waste was studied as well, accordingly, the clean entironment was insured, which measures up the modern mill run.更多还原