数控车床螺纹加工的对刀方法研究

【作者】 曹庆；

【导师】 蔡善乐；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 智能寻位加工技术是近年来发展起来的一种先进的制造技术，它以崭新的“固定—寻位—加工”制造模式代替传统的“定位—夹紧—加工”制造模式，能大大提高企业底层制造过程的敏捷性，是实现企业和跨企业敏捷制造的重要基础。 本文研究了沿工件原有螺纹沟槽上进行螺纹数控加工的对刀问题，通过对螺纹数控加工(车削)理论的分析得出要完成这类工件的加工其关键是要实现车床主轴零位信号位置与工件上原有螺纹螺旋线的起点相一致。介绍了可以实现零位信号位置与螺纹螺旋线的起点相一致的三种可行的对刀方法的原理。在这三种对刀方法中，手动对刀采用的是传统的“定位加工”方法，而自动对刀和半自动对刀则是利用智能寻位加工技术的“寻位加工”的方法。 对于手动对刀和半自动对刀这两种方法，本文提出了具体的实现方案，并介绍了对手动对刀和半自动对刀进行的实验的情况，实验表明，这两种方法在实践上是可行的。 本文对半自动对刀的实现方案从硬件结构和软件设计两方面进行了详细介绍，半自动对刀是通过基于8031单片机的零位信号动态校正系统来实现的。该零位信号动态校正系统是能对车床主轴的零位脉冲信号进行实时的动态校正，以此校正后的零位信号作为控制信号，来完成这类工件的数控加工。 在文中所介绍的零位信号动态校正系统结构简单，控制精度高，并且该系统应用时对数控机床进行的改造很简单，只需将该系统接到主轴光电编码器的零位信号输出端代替其零位信号输出即可，简单实用，具有一定的推广应用的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intelligent-seeking-location processing technology is a kind of modern manufacture technology which is developed in recent years. It replaces traditional "fixation-clamping-processing" manufacture mode with fire-new "fixation- seeking location-processing" manufacture mode, which can largely improve the smartness of bottom layer manufacture procedure of the corporation and is the important base to realize smart manufacture among the corporations.This paper research the question of adjusting tool when processing screw making use of the numerical control method along original groove. From analyzing numerical control (cutting) principle about screw we can come to the conclusion that in order to fulfill the process of this kind of workpiece the key is to realize consistency between the zero-position signal positions of main shaft of lathe and the beginning point of original screw helix. At the same this paper introduces the principle of three feasible ways to adjust tool that can realize consistency between the zero-position signal positions and the beginning point of original screw helix. Among these three adjusting methods, manual adjusting tool adopt traditional "fixation and processing" method, and that automatic or semi-automatic adjusting tool is to use the "seeking location" method of intelligent-seeking-location processing technology.For two methods about automatic or semi-automatic adjusting tool, this paper puts forward concrete scheme and introduce the testing situation to this two methods of adjusting tool. From these tests, we can come to the conclusion that these two methods are feasible in practice.This paper introduces the implementing scheme in detail from two sides: hardware structure and software design. Semi-automatic adjusting tool is realized through dynamic adjusting system of zero-position signal based on 8031 SCM. This dynamic adjusting system of zero-position signal can carry through real-time dynamic adjustment to zero impulse-signal of main shaft of lathe. Using this adjusted zero-position signal as control signal, we can fulfill numerical control manufacture of this kind of workpiece.The structure of the dynamic adjusting system of zero-position signal introduced in this paper is simple, and the control precision is high, and if using this system the changing to numerical control machine tools is very simple, just connecting this system to zero-position signal output-end of photoelectric encoder of main shaft to replace its zero-position signal output. Moreover because of its practicality and simpleness, it has popularizing and application value to a certain extent.更多还原