【作者】 姜京梅；

【导师】 郭树旭；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 电路与系统， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的日益信息化，传统的8位单片机已经越来越不能适应日渐复杂的应用需求。友好的交互界面、网络互联功能、智能化的软件、高效的数据处理几乎成了智能化系统的共同需求。随着嵌入式系统的迅猛发展，这种应用系统正逐步取代传统的以PC为中心的应用，成为未来智能化仪表中的主力军。嵌入式系统以其小型、专用、易携带、可靠性高的特点，已经在各领域得到了广泛的应用，如工业过程控制、远程监控、智能仪器仪表、机器人控制器、数控系统等。这就对传统的基于微控制器的控制系统提出了更高的要求。ARM（Advanced RISC Machines）处理器是目前公认的业界领先的32位嵌入式RISC微处理器。ARM处理器性能高、功耗低、成本低，特有16／32位双指令集。ARM已成为移动通信、手持计算、多媒体数字消费等嵌入式解决方案的RISC标准。此外，ARM7、ARM9、ARM10、Xscale的指令兼容，已有的软件资源和开发检验不会由于升级到更高性能的处理器而受到巨大的损失。随着嵌入式系统所要完成工作的复杂性，程序代码会越来越庞大，需要管理的外设越来越多，只有拥有嵌入式多任务操作系统，拥有稳定工作的硬件基础，开发工作重点才能由原来的硬件的调试、软件的DEBUG转变为对于实际应用系统的性能提高、智能化软件的编写。此外，只有在一个完整的、具有统一编成规范的操作系统基础上，使用高级语言开发出的应用程序，才可能具有良好的可移植性，才可能被重复利用。μC/OS-II是一种专门为微控制器设计的抢占式实时多任务操作系统。μC/OS-II具有内核源代码公开、简洁易学、可移植性强等优点。而且，它体积更小、功能更强，快速，稳定，更具有针对性。嵌入式产品是针对特殊的用途而设计的，有很强专一性特点。因此μC/OS-II不像其它实时操作系统，提供给用户的是一个标准的API函数，程序开发人员利用操作系统提供的API函数，进行应用程序的开发。要想在μC/OS-II内核上进行应用程序的开发，就需要程序开发人员在实时内核的基础上建立自己的实时操作系统。这就需要把μC/OS-II移植到自己的硬件目标板上，写出相应的驱动程序以及用户图形界面等等；在这些接口函数之上，加上用户自己的应用程序，就构成了嵌入式软件。本论文以基于32位ARM微处理器AT91M55800A和嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II的嵌入式数字温度计的研制过程为主要内容，阐<WP=77>述了其具体技术及相关实现方法。将高性能、低功耗的32位RISC结构的ARM内核处理器与开放源码的嵌入式多任务操作系统μC/OS-II相结合，构建了以微处理器AT91M55800A、闪存FLASH、存储器SRAM、A/D、键盘、显示器为一体的嵌入式数字温度计的硬件平台，在此硬件平台上嵌入μC/OS-II嵌入式实时操作系统，结合软件平台Embest for ARM,最终完成了嵌入式数字温度计的设计开发。论文主要由四部分组成：首先，对嵌入式系统进行了概述。介绍了嵌入式系统的概念及其分类，从硬件和软件角度分别进行了分类。然后阐述了嵌入式系统的应用，指出了研究嵌入式系统的必要性。最后，对当前流行的嵌入式微控制器和嵌入式操作系统进行了较为详细的介绍。当前流行的嵌入式微处理器有：ARM/StrongARM、MIPS、Power PC、x86、68K/Coldfire等。当前流行的嵌入式操作系统有：μC/OS-II、VxWorks、Windows CE、pSOS、Palm OS、Linux等。论文的第二部分主要介绍了嵌入式系统开发设计的基本知识。首先介绍了嵌入式系统设计的一般方法，给出了相关流程图。然后介绍了三种嵌入式系统开发方法：模拟（Simulation）开发调试、嵌入式在线仿真（Embedded-CE）和远程调试（常驻调试监控器）。最后对嵌入式微处理器AT91M55800A和嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II进行了详细的介绍。第三部分介绍了嵌入式数字温度计的硬件设计。以硬件原理图为主线，对每个外围设备进行了详细的展开，包括硬件原理图和驱动程序源代码及流程图。主要外围有：FLASH（AT49BV1614），SRAM（ISSI25616），JTAG，USART，LCD（SED1335），键盘等。第四部分介绍了嵌入式数字温度计的软件设计。由于在用户的应用程序启动之前，需要有专门的一段启动代码来完成对系统的初始化，我们首先介绍了启动代码。因μC/OS-II只是一个实时内核，它不提供给用户API函数接口，把μC/OS－II移植到目标硬件平台之后，针对实际的应用需求对μC/OS－II进行功能扩展，包括底层的硬件驱动、用户图像接口（GUI）等，从而建立了一个实用的RTOS。在这基础上，我们给出了嵌入式数字温度计的应用程序。嵌入式控制器内嵌实时操作系统（RTOS），具有实时性、低成本、小型化、专用化和高可靠性，克服了传统的基于单片机控制系统功能不足和基于PC的控制系统非实时性的缺点，在各领域将具有广泛的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the information technology being more and more popular in the society, the traditional 8-bit MCU can’t content the request of the application that is becoming more and more complex. The friendly interactive interface, the function of network mutual connections, intelligent software and high efficient data processing nearly has become the common demand for the intelligent system. With the rapid development of the embedded system, this system has replaced the traditional PC-centered one step by step, and it will be the main force in the future intelligent meters.The characteristic of the embedded system is mini-type, special used, portable, high reliable so it is widely applied in all kinds of fields, for example, in industry process control, long-distance monitoring, intelligent instrument meter, Robert controller, digital control system, etc. This requires high quality of the traditional control system based on the micro-controller.ARM processor is a kind of advanced 32-bit embedded RISC microprocessor accredited in this field. It has high quality, low power consumption, low cost, and specially has 16/32 double instructions volume. ARM has been the embedded solution’s RISC standard for the mobile communication, portable computer, multimedia digital consumption etc. In addition, because of the instruction’s compatibility of the ARM7, ARM9, ARM10, XScale, the former software source and the exploitation test will not commit great damage when updated to higher quality processor. With the complexity of the task that the embedded system works on growing, the program code will become bigger and bigger, and peripheral equipment that must be managed will be more and more. So only when we have Multiplan operation system and stably working hardware basis, our exploitation center can be transfer to increasing the quality of the practical application system, programming the intelligent software from modulating hardware and debugging software. Furthermore, only on the basis of an integrated operation system that has unified programming rule, the application exploited in advanced language is transplantable and can be used repeatedly. μC/OS-II is a kind of Multiplan, real-time and operation system which is especially designed for the microprocessor. It has many advantages, for example: its kernel source code is open, it is easy to learn, and it can easily transplanted. Furthermore, μC/OS-II has a smaller bulk, stronger function, rapider speed, better <WP=79>stability, and more pertinence.The embedded production is designed for special use so it is very appropriative. So, μC/OS-II is not like other real-time operation system that supplies clients a standard API function so programmers can exploit application by making use of this API function. The programmer should build up his own real-time operation system based on the real-time kernel if he want to exploit application on μC/OS-II. That means he should transplant the μC/OS-II to his hardware goal plate, and then program the corresponding driver program and the client image interface program etc. These API functions added with the client’s application compose the embedded software.In this paper, the main content is the develop process of the embedded digital thermometer based on the 32-bit ARM microprocessor--AT91M55800A and embedded real-time operation system μC/OS-II. And also we expatiate this thermometer’s material technology and the technology’s corresponding realization methods. We combine the high quality, low power consumption 32-bit RISC structured ARM’S kernel processor with the embedded Multiplan operation system μC/OS-II whose kernel source node is open to build up the hardware plate which consist of microprocessor AT91M55800A, flash, SARM, A/D, keyboard, and display. Embed real-time operation system μC/OS-II to this hardware plate, and combine the software plate Embest for ARM, so as to finish the design and the development of the embedded digital thermometer.This paper is composed with four parts thereinafter:Firstly, we expatiate t更多还原