【作者】 葛凤华；

【导师】 邹东雷；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 现在“环境污染”、“环境保护”等词汇已经广泛地被人们使用。环境问题为世界各地的人们所关注。人类面临着很多严重的环境问题，象全球变暖、臭氧层破坏、资源枯竭、大气与水污染等。这些环境总是使人类面临生存问题，近年来，随着科技的进步、人们生活水平的提高，室内环境品质问题得到了越来越多的重视。人类在生活的时间和空间中，一多半是在室内度过的。室内环境品质作为全球环境问题的一部分，影响着人类的生活与发展。室内环境品质是指室内空气品质、舒适度、噪声、照明、社会心理压力、工作压力、工作区背景等因素对室内人员生理和心理上的单独和综合作用。创造良好的室内环境品质的方法很多，暖通空调技术是实现这一目标的重要手段，其发展为满足室内环境提供了保障。室内环境品质与暖通空调技术的结合对于环境、能源的有效利用具有重要的意义。但暖通空调的使用还带来其它的问题。一方面，暖通空调设备消耗大量的能源，而能源的利用又是诸多环境问题的主要根源。另一方面，人们长期在封闭的空调房间内，可能会产生气闷、头痛、嗜睡等症状，即产生所谓“病态建筑综合症”。所以如何解决室内环境品质，以及如何有效利用暖通空调手段来满足人们对各自室内环境品质的需要，且协调好室内环境、暖通空调技术、能源有效利用三者的关系是本文探讨的重点。室内环境品质的影响因素很多，而与暖通空调关系最为密切的有热湿环境、室内空气品质、室内风速以及室内噪声因素。研究室内空气环境品质重点是研究人的热舒适感。热舒适的评价指标是预测平均评价（PMV）和预测不满意百分比（PPD）。与人体热舒适相关的变量有六个：室内空气温度，相对湿度，维护结构内表面温度，室内气流速度，人体代谢率、穿衣情况。室内的空气温度、湿度以及围护结构内表面温度是室内热湿环境。 <WP=55>本文通过对夏季某一空调房间的PMV和PPD值计算，确定了满足人体热舒适的室内温湿度范围。根据PPD的计算结果，分析了温度、湿度对热舒适的作用差别。表明：当室内温度为25℃时，相对湿度为40-65%时，人体处于中性的舒适环境。室内空气品质是室内环境品质的一部分。最初，人们把室内空气品质几乎完全等价为一系列污染物浓度的指标。最近几年，人们主要参照美国供热制冷空调工程师学会（ASHRAE）颁布的标准所作的定义：良好室内空气品质应该是“空气中没有已知的污染物达到公认的权威机构所确定的有害浓度指标，并且处于这种空气中的绝大多数人(>80%)，对此没有表示不满意。”这一定义体现了人们认识上的飞跃，它把客观评价和主观评价结合起来。依此定义，室内污染物的浓度可以作为室内空气品质的客观评价指标。其中应包括：颗粒污染物和有害气体。应注意的是：室内空气品质所指的污染物浓度指标并不是传统意义上卫生部门所规定的卫生安全允许浓度，而是指在此浓度下，人们长期工作时其对人体慢性的、潜在的影响。实现良好的室内空气品质，可以通过通风、空调措施来满足。新风量的多少可以控制室内新鲜空气的程度。空气过滤的等级可以控制室内的洁净等级。由于通风，空调等设施的使用，不可避免地会产生气流和噪声。气流和噪声也是室内环境品质的影响因素，对此我们在采用暖通空调设施的时候，应引起重视。保证良好的室内环境，我们需要确定满足人体舒适感的室内温度、湿度，新风量等标准。这些标准直接影响着暖通空调设备容量的选择，并为暖通空调产品的发展提供依据。而最主要的影响是这些标准影响着能源的消耗。通过对某一房间的能耗计算可以看出：室内温度每差1℃，能量消耗相差6%左右，而相对湿度每差5%，能量消耗相差10%。能源的消耗带来许多环境问题。我国建筑能耗占总能耗约20%，而建筑能耗所占的份额主要是暖通空调的能耗。许多环境<WP=56>问题，多多少少都与暖通空调的能耗有关。本来暖通空调措施是用来创造良好室内环境品质的，但它以消耗大量的一次能源为代价，带来的结果是：又破坏了环境。暖通空调措施保证了局部环境，却破坏了整体环境，这是不足取的。所以，暖通空调技术的发展，应以人居健康舒适、环境保护和能源有效利用为中心。我们不仅要创造一个舒适的室内环境，还要协调好室内环境、暖通空调、能源利用三者的关系，保护地球环境实现可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vocabularies “environmental pollution” and “environmental protection” have been widely used. The environment problems are paid worldwide attention. People are facing a lot of serious environmental problems such as global warming, ozone layer breakage, human resources drying up, atmosphere and water pollution etc… All of these threaten mankind survival. In recent years, with the development of high-tech and improvement of living standard, the interior environmental quality problems have get more and more consideration. People spend more time in door than out door, so as a part of the environmental problem, interior environmental quality greatly affects the human life and development. The interior environment quality includes factors like interior air quality, comfortable degree, noise, social psychological stress, social work pressure, workplace background etc., which affect people physiologically and mentally in a single or a Comprehensive way.There are a lot of methods to create the high interior quality. Heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC) is an important way to realize the target, and the development of HVAC assures the realization of high interior environment. The combination of interior air quality and the technology of HVAC play an important role in the effective usage of environment and energy too. But HVAC aroused the other problems. The HVAC equipments consume lots of energy and utilization of the energy is main reason of environmental problems. On the other hand, long period staying in indoor environment easy to arouse such symptoms as stuffy, headache, drowsy, which are so called “synthesize symptom of sick building”. It is main point of the paper that how to improve interior environment quality to meet the humans need with the help of HVAC and how to coordinate relations of the interior environment, HVAC technology and effective use of <WP=58>energy.There are many factors influencing the indoor environment quality, but hot and wet environment, interior air quality, interior wind velocity and interior noise has close relation to HVAC. Interior air environment quality study pays more attention on warm comfort feeling of the human. Evaluation indexes of the warm comfort are predicted average evaluation (PMV) and predicted dissatisfied percentage (PPD). There are six factors affect warm comfort of people: Interior air temperature, relative degree of humidity, inside temperature of construction, interior air speed, human body metabolism rate, clothing condition of the people. According to the calculation of PMV and PPD about some air-conditioning room of summer, this paper defined indoor humiture scope of thermal comfort. By means of the result of PPD, analyzed that temperature is different with humidity on thermal comfort. The interior air quality is a part of the interior environment quality. Before, people almost took the interior air quality as a series of pollutant density index. In these years, according to the definition of the standard made by the American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), good interior air quality should be “there is no known pollutant reached the index that authority organization defined, and great majority people(≥80%)in the air do not complain about the it”. This definition improved people’s recognition of interior air quality, which combined objective evaluation with the subjective evaluation. According to this definition, the density of the interior pollutants can be taken as the objective evaluation index of the interior air quality, which includes grain pollutants and harmful fume. The pollutant density index of interior air quality pointed is not traditionally permitted density index by <WP=59>hygiene safety branch, it reflects it’s chronic and latent influence on person when the person works long time under such environment. The quantity of fresh air volume can control the quality of the interior air. The grade of air filter can control interior air clean grade.Because of usage of the facilities of ven更多还原