【作者】 金仙梅；

【导师】 董清水； 刘健；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 海洋地质学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河是中华民族的摇篮，黄河三角洲是镶嵌在渤海湾的一颗明珠。随着东营市和胜利油田的迅速发展，黄河三角洲的不稳定性与工农业生产要求的稳定性的矛盾更显突出，黄河三角洲的第四纪地质、地貌与海洋地质灾害研究日趋重要。黄河三角洲的第四纪沉积特征近年来一直是地学界的研究热点。大量的钻井资料已揭露出黄河三角洲晚更新世以来沉积地层与海平面变化关系密切，表现出海陆相交替出现的地层序列以及独特的沉积地层结构；而晚第四纪频繁的气候型海平面升降,形成了复杂的海底浅地层结构和残留地貌,现代地貌叠置的状况。因此，深入分析晚第四纪古环境演变及沉积地貌时空分布规律，是掌握海洋地质灾害的关键。对黄河三角洲滨浅海区的地质灾害因素类型及其分布规律的分析，为地质灾害的防止和减灾提供了可靠的科学依据。 研究区位于黄河三角洲河口附近的陆上地段及海区，地理坐标为东经 118°30′~120°00′，北纬 37°30′~38°30′，陆上面积约 2800 km2，水上面积约 12500 km2。 利用浅地层剖面分析第四纪地层已成为划分第四纪沉积地层的一个重要手段。而对古陆缘海大规模的地下和出露的浅海沉积物的研究导致了高分辨率层序地层概念的新进展，另一方面对现代陆缘海的高分辨率地震剖面研究可帮助我们了解反映海平面升降频繁的晚第四纪沉积过程和地层结构。显然浅地层地震剖面在分析第四纪地层研究中有不可替代的作用，它已广泛应用于第四纪沉积地层的研究上；多种学科的综合利用是分析地质灾害的重要手段。 本文根据在黄河三角洲取得的 HB-1 钻孔、690km 浅地层剖面以及遥感影象、水深资料等，对黄河三角洲地区的沉积地层结构和海洋地质灾害进行了系统的研究。 通过对 690 km 浅地层剖面的解译、HB-1 钻孔描述、岩心样品的粒度分析、微体古生物鉴定和多个 AMS14C 年代测定，确定了氧同位素 5 期以来研究区沉积地层的划分及其分布规律，分析了晚更新世以来的沉积地层结构，明确了研究区氧同位素 5 期以来的地层单元及其分布特征；得出自氧同位素 3 期以来的沉积相和沉积地层厚度：氧同位素 1 期沉 1<WP=69>中文摘要积为冰后期海水进入渤海以来形成的沉积厚约 20.79m；氧同位素 2 期沉积为末次冰期最盛期的沉积，沉积了厚约 8.87m 的陆相沉积物；氧同位素 3 期为海相沉积，属于末次冰期中的一个亚间冰期（约 25~58 ka BP）沉积物，厚约 30.35m。 通过分析浅地层剖面、钻孔岩心、水深资料及应用遥感手段，总结出研究区—黄河三角洲滨浅海区的海洋地质灾害类型、分布规律及其原因。黄河三角洲的地质灾害包括海岸侵蚀、浅层气、活动断层、海底滑坡、海底冲沟和陡坎、蚀余地形、洼坑、埋藏古河道、埋藏冲沟、同沉积隆起、底辟和结构不均匀性等。研究区内海岸带可分为快速侵蚀海岸、中等程度侵蚀海岸、稳定海岸和淤积海岸。海洋地质灾害分布规律：黄河三角洲灾害主要发生在三角洲斜坡上，对灾害的研究主要集中在对斜坡不稳定性的研究上。形成原因：斜坡不稳定性代表一系列灾害类型，主要是指海底斜坡上的坍塌、滑坡和流动；晚更新世以来的地质环境演变决定了地质灾害的发生与发展；郯庐断裂在挽近时期的运动对本区的灾害地质因素有很大影响。 通过对本地区的研究，取得了研究区晚第四纪以来的沉积地层格架，以及在氧同位素5 期以来各个时期的沉积地层的分布概况；对本区海洋地质灾害的研究，总结出本区地质灾害的分布规律及其产生的原因，为预防海洋地质灾害提供了可靠的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yellow River is cradle of Chinese nation and the Yellow River delta is a bright pearl studded in the Bohai Bay. With the quick development of the city of Dongying and the Shengli Oil Field, the contradiction between instability of Yellow River delta and stability demanded by industry and agriculture production even more evident. So the research as to Quaternary geology, geomorphy and marine geological disaster is increasingly important. In the last several years Quaternary sedimentary characteristic of Yellow River delta has been the hot issue for earth science field. A great many of drilling data has been indicated that there is intimate relationship between the sedimentary stratum and sea level variety. This represented stratum serial with alternate sea facies and land facies and unique sedimentary stratum framework. Because of frequent climatic sea level fluctuation in late Quaternary, complex shallow stratum framework at bed and retained and modern geomorphy folding formed. Therefore, it is the key point to mastering marine geological disaster to analyze thoroughly ancient environment evolvement and rule of space-time distribution of sedimentary geomorphy. And the analysis about factor types and distribution rules of disaster is to provide reliable evidence for preventing and reducing geological disaster in sub-littoral and littoral area, Yellow River delta. The research area is adjacent to estuary of Yellow River delta including land and sea. In the target area the east longitude is 118°30′~120°00′and the north latitude is 37°30′~38°30′with the land area 2800 km2 and the marine area 12500 km2. It has been an important means of dividing Quaternary stratum to analyzeshallow stratum profile. However, recent advances in the high-resolutionsequence stratigraphic concept result from large-scale subsurface and 3<WP=71>英文摘要outcrop studies of shallow-marine deposits in ancient epeiric seas. On theother hand, studies of high-resolution seismic profiles in modernepicontinental seas help understand depositional processes and stratalpatterns of Late Quaternary sediments that reflect high-frequency eustaticfluctuation in sea level. So the shallow stratigraphic seismic profile, havingbeen broadly applied to Quaternary sedimentary stratum, can’ t be replacedwhen we analyze Quaternary stratum. Multi-subject integrating is an availablemeans of analyzing geological disaster. In this paper, according to the shallow stratum profile with 690km depth acquired from the bore HB-1, remote sensing image and water depth etc., systematic study is carried through about sedimentary stratum frame and geological disaster in Yellow River delta area. By means of interpreting shallow stratum profile with 690km depth, describing the core HB-1, granularity analyzing of core sample, identifying micropaleontology and measuring age of AMS C, the author classified the sedimentary stratum since 5 terms 14 oxygen isotope, studied the rule of its distribution. The author clarified stratum units and distribution characteristic since 5 terms oxygen isotope and reached the sedimentary facies and stratum depth since 3 terms oxygen isotope, that is, the deposit of 1 term oxygen isotope is about 20.79m forming since seawater come into Bohai after ice terms, the deposit of 2 term oxygen isotope is about 8.87 m land sediment deemed as the most prosperous during the last hypo-ice term, the deposit of 3 term oxygen isotope is about 30.35 m sea sediment belonging to the sub- ice term(about 25~58kaBP) of the last hypo-ice term. By means of analyzing shallow stratum profile, core, water depth and remote sensing, the author summarized the types distribution rules and reasons of marine geological disaster in the target area. It is indicated that the geological disaster includes coast corrosion, shallow layer gas, fault activity, bed land更多还原