【作者】 童猛；

【导师】 张贤明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 行政管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 自从党的十五大报告提出实行“依法治国”方略以来，社会上“依法治省”、“依法治市”、“依法治村”、“依法治企”乃至“依法治山”、“依法治水”等等类似的话语开始流行其间。当此时也，各级各类学校亦争相提出依法治校，这当中就有着作为最高学府和人类文明殿堂的大学，依法治校在大学系统已成为一个普遍流行的公共话语。面对此情此景，冷静和理智的人们无不在思考这样一些问题，那就是依法治校何以在当前中国的各类学校中成为一种趋势和必然？到底什么是依法治校？依法治校之于大学究竟有何价值和意义？怎样才算是真正的依法治校？依法治校又该如何去做呢？谈论依法治校，无法也不应当回避这些最基本的问题，思考和回答清楚这些问题应当构成大学实行依法治校的前提性条件,本文之主旨即在尝试揭示问题的答案。经过深入的思考分析，也是得益于平常工作之体会和心得，作者认为就本质来讲，大学依法治校就是大学法治——一如依法治国方略之本质乃国家法治（目标是法治国家）。如果不是从法治的层面，则无法体现出依法治校的价值和意义，如果不是渗透法治的精神，真正实现依法治校无异于不切实际的幻想，依法治校应当也必然会是法治逻辑的推演和展开。基于以上认识，作者将法治逻辑作为理解依法治校的一个进路，文章具体顺着法治逻辑这根主线，分四部分论述了依法治校是什么、为什么、做什么和怎么做这样一些基本理论问题。法治是什么？法治是民主的伴生物，法治本质上是良法之治、民主之治、宪政之治、程序之治和信仰之治。法治的逻辑：以权<WP=52>利为逻辑起点，以民主为基石，以限制公共权力为必要，以保护公民权利为落脚点，以公民法律素养的养成为必须，以法律制度的健全完备为必需，以法律得到有效贯彻实施为当然，以程序的正当和中立为特征。依法治校的本质在于法治、在于民主。运用法治的逻辑来剖析依法治校的内涵：关于依什么“法”的问题，包括宪法、法律及其合宪、合法的法规、规章以及有关政策、校规，大学所依之校规必须合法可行，所依之政策必须合法有效，所依之下位法必须不违背上位法，所依之所有“法”必须合于宪法。法律内在地含有着公平、正义的意思，法治之法本质上是民意之法、客观规律之法，依法的本质就是依民主、依民意、依规律。关于“治”校，广大师生员工是主体而非被管治对象，法治区别于人治，此为根本表现；“治”的本质在于科学和民主，非如此，则无以为“治”，治校应当是依靠科学和民主来管理大学。法治逻辑的丰富内涵，启示人们不应将依法治校简单化为守法的代名词，也不应单纯将依法治校理解为完善大学规章制度之类，更不应将依法治校作为管治、处罚教师和学生的堂而皇之的工具和托词。依法治校要防止这样一个悖论的出现：本来是大学主体的师生员工却最终沦为依法治校的客体。在我国，谁最应当和有权提出依法治校，事实上又是谁在推行依法治校，怎么样才算是真正的依法治校，依法治校的应然逻辑亦即法治的逻辑是解开这些问题纽结的钥匙。法治逻辑告诉我们，依法治校当首先依法治权、依法治“官”，而约束管理权力的最有力手段则必须依靠和发扬民主，通过权利来制约权力，大学师生主人翁地位的彰显亦当此意。自由民主精神是古往今来大学精神的核心，依法治校理应弘扬这一大学精神。运用法治的逻辑对依法治校作逻辑推演和逻辑展开，就会发现依法<WP=53>治校这一命题的丰富内涵。大学依法治校，是大学提高自身管理水平的重要方法论，在我国当前有着鲜明的时代背景和强烈的现实针对性，依法治校势在必行，同时也完全具有可行性。针对我国大学面临的无法可依、内部民主缺失、权力与权利冲突、管理手段和方式粗放落后等问题比较突出的现状，依法治校当围绕理顺关系、优化资源配置、规范和制约权力、保障合法权利、提高工作效率和办事效益，通过宣扬民主法治观念、完善管理体制机制、建立健全民主制度、改进管理方式和手段，来不断推进校务管理的民主化、法制化、科学化进程，逐步将这一宏大理念和方略付诸于具体的办学实践过程当中，渗透于大学工作的各个方面和环节，并依靠全体人员的共同努力，实现大学教书育人、传承文明和探索真理之崇高使命。文章对依法治校中大学的法律性质和地位、大学自主办学的法律性质和界限、大学与教师和学生的法律关系、大学管理行为的法律评价等等一些论题，虽有所涉及，但限于论文的题域和主旨，未能在这些问题上着力。依法治校，实践中必将还有很多的课题等着人们去破解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ever since the general plan of ruling the country in accordance with the law was advanced at the 15th Session of the Chinese Communist Party, many slogans mushroomed with the wording “managing X according to law”. Managing the university according to law has become a popular topic at various universities. This phenomenon leads us to contemplate many related questions: What do we mean by managing the university according to law, what is the point of it and what measures should we take accordingly. Satisfying answers to these fundamental questions should be the prerequisite for practicing managing the university according to law.The author of this thesis believes that essentially, managing the university according to law is the rule of law within a university. It should be and will be the logical deduction and development of the rule of law. Based on this understanding, the author views the rule of law as the key to comprehend and solve all the problems. This thesis discusses the basic theoretical questions of what, why, what to do and how to do on managing the university according to law.So what is the rule of law? It is concomitant with democracy. In nature, rule of law is the rule of good laws, democracy, constitutionalism, procedure and belief. Its logic is based on democracy , starts from rights, rests on the protection of civil rights and limitation of power, aims at the establishment of a sound and perfect legal system and its enforcement. It features the rightness of procedure and neutrality.The nature of managing the university according to law lies in democracy and rule of law. The kinds of law we should abide by include the constitution, laws, rules, regulations and related state and university policies, and they must be rightful, practicable and valid. The subordinate laws we abide by should not violate the super ordinate ones and all the laws and regulations should conform to the <WP=55>constitution. As for the management of the university, it has all the staff and students as its subject rather than the object. This is the fundamental difference between rule of law and rule of man. The nature of management lies in science and democracy. The rich connotation of rule of law gives us enlightenment that managing the university according to law should not be simplified into law-abiding and perfection of the rules and regulations of a university, not to mention misusing it as a dignified tool and excuse for controlling and punishing the teachers and students. The logic of managing the university according to law tells us that the first and foremost thing to do is to curb the authority and power by relying on and carrying on democracy, i.e. to restrict power by rights.Managing the university according to law is an important methodology of enhancing the administrative ability. It is at once imperative and practical. Focusing on the current state of affairs such as lack of laws to abide by, lack of internal democracy , the conflict between power and rights, rough and backward administrative modes and methods, we should center on smoothing and putting in order the relationships, regulating and restricting power, protecting legal rights and promoting our work efficiency. Only in this way can we advance the process of democratizing, legalizing and scientizing the management of the university and accomplish the university’s sublime mission of spreading knowledge and civilization and exploring the future.更多还原