【作者】 章海霞；

【导师】 许并社；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米洋葱状富勒烯作为富勒烯家族中的新成员，自1992年被发现以来，已在全世界范围内引起了各国学者的广泛关注和极大兴趣，这一领域的研究已成为炭素界以至整个新材料科学研究的前沿和热点。然而，由于缺乏有效宏量制备纳米洋葱状富勒烯的方法，使其应用研究进展缓慢。基于此，本文采用传统的直流电弧放电法，通过设计合理的实验方案，得到了制备洋葱状富勒烯的理想工艺。 在实验中，以较廉价的氮气作为载气进行电弧放电，通过调节载气压力、放电电流和电压等实验细节，以实现洋葱状富勒烯的大量制备；同时，采用Fe、Ni、Al微粒作催化剂，对其催化性能进行比较，以确定催化剂对洋葱状富勒烯产量、质量的影响。利用XRD和HRTEM对所得样品进行分析表征，讨论了电弧放电过程中，各工艺参数(载气种类及压力、放电电流和电压、催化剂种类等)对洋葱状富勒烯形成的影响情况。得 太原理工大学硕士论文到制备洋葱状富勒烯的理想工艺条件:放电电流为150一160A，电压为25一30v，气氛压力为0.04MPa;同时发现Fe最有利于制备纯度高、石墨化程度高的洋葱状富勒烯，其催化效果最好，Ni其次，Al的催化效果最差。 本文对洋葱状富勒烯的生长机理也作了探讨，认为洋葱状富勒烯的形核、生长与环境温度、催化剂的种类、性质密切相关，为洋葱状富勒烯的性能及应用研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new member of the fullerene family, nano-onion-like fullerenes have attracted wide attentions and great interests of many scientists in the world, and have been focus of the new materials studies since it was found in 1992. However, the application studies of onion-like fullerenes develop slowly for the lack of effective preparation methods. In this paper, ideal technics parameters of producing nano-onion-like fullerenes were obtained, using arc discharge, by designing rational experiment project.In the experiments, we used cheap N2 as preserving gas, andadjusted gas pressure, discharge current, voltage and so on, to produce the large quantities of onion-like fullerenes. At the same time, we used Fe, Ni , Al as catalysts, and compared their catalyst properties to ascertain the catalyst effects on the yields and qualities of onion-like fullerenes. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM) were used to characterize and analyze the morphologies and microstructure of the products. We discussed the effects of technics parameters such as the pressure of transfer gas, the discharge current and voltage, and the kind of the catalysts, on the formation of onion-like fullerenes during arc discharging. And optimun experimental conditions were obtained : the current is 150~160A, voltage is 25-30V, gas pressure is 0.04MPa. Meanwhile, we found that onion-like fullerenes prepared with Fe as catalyst were pure and highly graphitized.The growth mechanisms of onion-like fullerenes were also discussed in this paper. We found that the temperature and catalystnature both affect the nucleation and growth of onion-like fullerenes. This prepared for the studies on properties and applications of onion-like fullerenes.更多还原