【作者】 黎健保；

【导师】 阎革；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 政治经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国有六千多万残疾人。残疾人就业保障是我国残疾人事业的最重要的组成部分，对于维护社会安定团结，保障残疾人平等充分参与社会生活，共享社会物质文化成果等有重大意义。 本论文以劳动力市场供求分析为主线，从供求两方面对我国残疾人就业保障问题进行分析。论文主体内容共分四章。第一章介绍了残疾人就业的基本理论：社会主义人道主义理论、马克思残疾人社会保障理论、现代文明的残疾人观、残疾人功能缺陷的代偿与补偿理论、残疾人劳动力市场歧视偏见等。第二章指出解决残疾人就业问题的现实意义，简单介绍我国残疾人就业的历史演变状况和当前我国残疾人就业的方针、途径和基本形式。第三章从简单的劳动力市场供求机制出发，分析我国残疾人就业面临的形势。从我国残疾人就业供应素质的角度看，残疾人职业素质偏低、残疾人身体素质、残疾人心理素质几方面综合起来使残疾人在市场就业中处于劣势；从我国残疾人就业需求的角度看，一方面全国宏观就业形势间接影响残疾人就业，另一方面由于残疾人集中就业、按比例分散就业、个体自谋与农村残疾人就业中存在诸多现实问题直接对残疾人就业产生影响。第四章提出解决我国残疾人就业的政策和建议。在残疾人就业的供应素质的角度上，提出加强残疾人教育与职业培训以提高其职业技术素质、实施残疾人康复提高其身体素质、转变就业观念提高其心理素质，增强残疾人在就业市场中的竞争能力;在残疾人就业的需求角度上，在提出一般性的办法的同时，针对残疾人就业的四种基本形式相应提出具体的措施。 通过分析我国残疾人当前的就业状况，提出自己考虑的几个创新观点与应对措施，如:一是我国现今的最低工资标准应该不适用于残疾人，否则这将减少残疾人就业的需求;二是必须改革我国残疾人的残疾标准，与国际接轨，与我国经济的发展相适应;三是在提高残疾人素质的教育时应该实行按比例教育，使残疾人能够平等享受教育资源;四是为减少高薪企业对安排残疾人就业的消极态度的影响，提出制定新的残疾人就业保障金的计算征收办法，建议在统一按原计征办法即以某市(县)的平均工资为基数的基础上规定，凡单位平均工资超过市(县)平均工资的，以单位工资为计征基数;五是最重要最迫切的就是进行专门的残疾人就业保障的立法，使残疾人的就业优惠措施得到切实落实。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over 60 million people with disability live in China. The employment security of the handicapped is the most important part of the handicapped undertaking, helping social stability, helping them participate in social life on an equal footing and share the benefits of the country’s material and cultural progress.The article applies labor market supply-demand analysis as main studying method, analyzing the employment security of the handicapped in China through two aspects of supply and demand. The article is made up of four chapter.Chapter 1 the basic theory about the employment of the handicapped. It mainly studies the theory of socialist humanitarianism, the Marxist social security theory about disabled people, modern civilized viewpoint on disabled people, the theory on replacement and compensation of defect in disabled people’s function, discrimination against disabled people labor etc..Chapter2 It illustrates real significance of the employment security of the handicapped in China and simply reviews developing process, the principle, the means and basic forms to resolve the employment problem of disabled people.Chapters Beginning with simple labor supply-demand Mechanism, it analyses the employment situation in the face of disabled people. From the viewpoint of the character of labor supply, disabled people are more disadvantageous in competition of labor market because disabled people are worse in capabilities of employment and body and mentality than other people; From the viewpoint of demand for disabled people, the employment of disabled people are indirectly affected by whole employment situation in China, on the other hand, it directly suffers from lots of questions appearingin concentrative employment, dispersed employment, self-employment and rural disabled people’s employment.Chapter 4 It presents countermeasures of Chinese disabled people’s employment security. For the sake of improving employment capability of disabled people, the government and departments concerned should enhance people’s education and vocational training to upgrade their skills and techniques and carry out rehabilitation to get functional recovery, and disabled people should change opinion of employment to strengthen their mental quality; For improving employment demand for the handicapped, the article presents not only some ordinary methods but also the specific countermeasures according to four basic forms of Chinese disabled people’s employment.Based on analyzing the situation that employment of disabled people in China facing, the article presents some innovative views and countermeasures to the question existed in the actual work. The viewpoints of breakthrough of the article includes five aspects as follows: the first is that the nowadays lowest wages standard in our country should be not well to use for disabled persons, otherwise it will reduces the demand for the disabled persons’ the employment. The second is to revise the criteria of the disabilities in China and make the criteria be in accordance with the international criteria, along with our country the economic development; The third is that pro rata education should be implemented, which make the disabled people equally enjoying the education resources; The forth is to put forward a new method to collect the employment security fund for the handicapped to reduce the negative influence of the high-pay enteiprise’s attitude to employ the disabled people, suggesting that the past standard of collection according to the average wage in city or county keep constant, but if the unit’s wage exceeds the average wages in city or county the unit located at, the collection of the fund should base on the unit’s wage; The fifth is that the most important and urgent is to formulate the special law on the protection of disabled people to realize the nation’s preferential policies of disabled people.更多还原