【作者】 陈小梅；

【导师】 程利国；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 选择反应时是信息加工速度的重要指标，选择反应时研究是当前智力研究领域中的一个重要范式。研究者试图通过选择反应时与智力之间的关系研究探索人类智力的影响因素和智力个体差异的原因。本研究以9、10、11、12岁的城市小学儿童为研究对象，着重探讨了三个问题：(1)儿童选择反应时的发展特点；(2)儿童选择反应时与智力之间相关的普遍性；(3)从发展的角度，探讨选择反应时与智力之间的相关特点；研究结果如下： 1、儿童的选择反应时具有以下的发展特点。首先随着年龄的增长，选择反应时有逐步下降的趋势。其次，儿童的选择反应的发展速度受年龄影响并依赖于信息加工的任务。 2、儿童的选择反应时与智力测验分数之间存在显著相关，而且具有普遍性。从不同年龄段的选择反应时与智力的关系来看，选择反应时与智力测验的分数之间具有中等程度的负相关，但随着年龄的增长两者的相关程度有一定的波动，表现出降低的趋势。这个趋势反映了经验和知识增加；对选择反应时与智力测验之间关系的影响。实际上，选择反应时能更好地反映个体的液态智力(流体智力)。 3、不同选择反应时水平的儿童，他的选择反应时与智力的关系是不同的，尽管选择反应时快组或慢组，它们的选择反应时与智力测验分数之间均有显著相关，但选择反应时慢组的选择反应时能更好预测他们的智力测验分数。 本研究提示，选择反应时研究涉及两个不可分割的方面，即中央信息加工速度和刺激材料的基本单元(组块)。其中，中央信息加工速度对各种认知活动或智力活动有着普遍的影响和作用；刺激材料的基本单元对各种认知活动或智力活动的影响则依赖于认知活动的任务水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Choice time (CT)is an important key index of Speed of Information Processing(SIP)and CT experiment is an important paradigm in the domain of intelligence.Researchers try to explore the reasons of the differences between the basis of human’s intelligence and individual’s intelligence,through studying the relation between CT and intelligence.The study of the relation between CT and in telligence came from 70s,but the deeper study did not begin until recent years .At present the study focuses on discussing the essential of the relation between the two and the participators of these studies are usually normal adults.So there are few systematiely studies of CT which focus on the children.Thus this study focused on the children in urban whose ages are 9, 10, 11 and 12:(1)The characteristics of the development of the children’s CT.(2)The universalism of the relation between CT and intelligence of children.(3)Explorig the characteristics of relation between CT and the intelligence of the children from the angle of development.From the present research.the following conclusions were drawn:1 The characteristics of the children’s CT represent as follows:firstly,with the increasing of the ages,CT has the trends of decreasing,secondly,the speed of the development of the children’s CT is influenced by the ages and the tasks of information processing.2 There is a significant correlation between CT and the scores of the intelligent tests of the children and the result has the universality, seeing from the relations between CT and intelligence in different groups of ages,there is a moderately negative correlationbetween CT and the scores of the intelligent tests of the children. With the increasing of the ages the degree of the correlation between them has a certain fluctuation.which represents the trend of decreasing comparatively. It reflects that the incrensing of experience and knowledge have effect on the relations between CT and the intelligent tests.Actually CT can reflect the liguid intelligenc’e better.3 There are different relations between CT and the intelligence to the children who have different levels of CT.Though there is obvions correlation between CT and intelligent tests to the children who are in both fast or slow CT groups ,the groups.which get slow CT can predict the scores of the intelligence better.This study hinted:that CT relate to two indiscerptible parts,which are the speed of central information processing and the basic units of materials.更多还原