大连城市空气特征污染物TSP源解析及污染控制系统研究

【作者】 邵冬海；

【导师】 张树深；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国城市大气环境中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)污染严重，全国有三分之二的城市总悬浮颗粒物污染超标。大连市是我国城市环境质量较好的城市，总悬浮颗粒物年均值达标，但是大连市大气环境污染仍以总悬浮颗粒物为首要污染物，并且其浓度年均值0.128mg／m~3(2001年)与联合国世界卫生组织推荐的环境参考指标和部分国外先进城市所达到的环境指标中颗粒物浓度0.06～0.09mg／m~3有较大的差距，为了实现大连市建设“国际生态城市”的目标、进一步提高大连市的空气环境质量，削减总悬浮颗粒物的浓度是一项最为基本的、有效的工作。TSP源解析工作可以明确各个污染源对TSP的贡献率，从而为TSP的治理和规划提供理论指导。 本文尝试使用化学质量平衡法(CMB)对大连市的TSP进行源解析，主要内容如下： (1)大连市工业企业情况调查、污染源以及监测方案的确定； (2)尝试使用不完全消解法获得的“环境有效态元素”含量作为CMB模型的输入数据进行TSP的源解析，实践证明是可行的； (3)针对目前国内外运用CMB模型时对元素和源的选取没有统一规则的情况，对元素、源的选取方法作了尝试研究；在保证获得比较满意的源解析结果的同时，初步实现了减少输入数据量、节省时间的目的； (4)在确定出大连市各个污染源对TSP贡献率的基础上，针对三个最主要的污染源——电厂燃煤尘、道路扬尘和水泥行业尘提出相关的污染防治措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pollution of TSP(total suspended particulate) in municipal atmospheric environment is very heavy in China, and concentrations of TSP in 2/3 cities are above the national standard. Dalian is famous for a better environment comparing with other cities, but TSP is still the main atmospheric pollution, the annual concentration of TSP in dalian in 2001 is 0. 128mg/m3, which is obviously above the standards, 0. 06 ~ 0. 09mg/m3 recommended by WHO (the World Health Organization) and achieved by some developed cities abroad. In order to improve the atmospheric environment quality in Dalian and realize the goal to build a international ecological city, reduction of TSP in atmosphere is a basic and effective means, which is based on source apportionment theoretically.The paper applied a receptor model-CMB for the source apportionment of TSP in Dalian, and the main work is following:(l)Investigation of the industry enterprises in Dalian, decision of pollution sources and monitoring plan;(2) applied the contents of elements under effective state of environment as the input data of CMB and the result is gratifying;(3)attempted study on the choose of elements and source types, considering the fact no formula for that has been set down. Realized the goal to reduce quantity of the input data with a pleasant source apportionment result.(4)Put forward some pollution protection advices according to the result in (3).更多还原