室外遮阳环境下人体热舒适调查及动态热舒适研究

【作者】 于连广；

【导师】 端木琳；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 稳态的热中性空调环境由于削弱了人体的热适应能力从而影响了人体的身体健康，同时单调的稳态环境使人产生了乏味、厌倦的心理。针对稳态空调环境的这些弊端，近年来人们纷纷将眼光投向新型的送风方式——动态化送风。动态送风强调人的热适应能力，认为合理的动态环境不仅可以满足人体健康要求更能满足人体的热舒适需要。 目前国内外学者的研究工作主要集中在对不同动态环境热舒适实测调查、波动风的特征以及动态送风的模式与策略等方面，但动态热舒适的理论和标准尚未形成。本研究的目的是探索影响动态热舒适的主要因素并初步分析这些因素对热舒适的影响。 研究人体热舒适实际上就是研究人体自身和周围热环境之间如何相互协调的问题，即环境如何影响人体以及人体如何适应环境。本研究所做的一切工作都是围绕这两个问题为中心而展开的。本文采用理论分析的方法，对人体与外界环境之间的热交换进行了深入的研究，分析了人体蓄热以及热适应能力对人体热感觉以及热舒适的影响。认为动态热舒适研究必须同时考虑人体自身热状态以及客观参数两种因素，阐述了在稳态环境下人体热舒适可以仅用客观参数衡量的原因，从而更新了人们对热舒适问题的认识。由于人体温度是人体自身热状态的主要反应，本文还进一步探讨了人体温度随环境变化的规律，并提出了人体平均温度简便求解方法。 生活实践以及其他学者的研究都证明，适宜的自然环境较常规空调环境更能给人带来愉悦与健康。作者认为仿自然的送风方式才是最佳的动态送风方式。因此对夏季室外凉亭环境下人体热舒适进行了调查试验，分析影响热感觉、吹风感、湿度感的环境因素，研究了这些主观感觉随环境变化的规律，给出了合适主观感受的客观参数范围。空气温度是对热舒适影响最大的环境因素，而人体平均温度是影响最大的人体热状态因素，作者通过分析回归的数学手段得到了热舒适与空气温度以及人体平均温度之间的关系式并从中得到了人们偏好环境稍热、身体稍凉的状态的结论。本文首次将人体自身热状态和客观环境因素分别作为两个独立的参数引入到人体热舒适指标之中。 调查研究表明模拟适宜的自然环境可以最大限度地满足人们健康与舒适的要求，因而是一种理想的动态送风模式。根据动态热舒适的要求，人体平均温度应该保证在35.7℃～36.5℃之间，空气温度在25.5～30.4℃之间，风速在0.75～1.5米／秒之间，相对湿度在60％左右。同时在参数选择上应该遵循室内环境波动与自然气候变化相协调的原则，最大可能的减少室内外的温度差。近些年来出现的“个性化空调”可以实现个性化送风以及个别热控制，适合动态送风在工程上的实现，体现了“科技以人为本”的空调发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stable thermal-neutral air conditioning environment, which weakens people’s thermal adaptability, does harm to people’s health, and at the same time makes people feel dull and tired. Because of these disadvantages of stable ace, people turn to a new air supply pattern-dynamic air supply these years. Dynamic air supply emphasizes thermal adaptability, therefore it is held that proper dynamic condition can not only meet people’s demand for health, but also satisfy their thermal comfort.In the area of dynamic thermal comfort, all the scholars focus on the researches of dynamic air supply patterns and strategy , characteristics of dynamic air supply as well as actual investigations under different dynamic condition. However, neither theory nor standard for dynamic thermal comfort is proposed. This study is to make clear the factors which influence dynamic thermal comfort and analysis the effect of these factors on thermal comfort.To study thermal comfort is actually to study how to regulate human himself with the sounding thermal condition: that is how the environment influences human body and how human body influences the environment. All the work on this study centers on these two questions.Through theoretically analysis, heat transfer between human body and the ambient is studied, then effect of body heat storage and thermal adaptability on thermal sensation and thermal comfort is analyzed. It is proposed that both body thermal condition and objective parameters must be considered in dynamic thermal comfort study. Furthermore, it gives the reason why only human body thermal condition is needed under stable condition, which renew people’s understanding about thermal comfort. As body temperature is the main response to body thermal condition, the variation regularity of body temperature with environment is also discussed and a simple way to acquire average body temperature is brought out.Both practice and experimental studies of other scholar prove that proper natural experiment can make people feel more cheerful and healthy than typical air conditioning experiment. It is thought that only air supply pattern which simulates nature wind is the best dynamic air supply pattern. In this study investigations on body thermal comfort under outdoor pavilion environment in summer are undertaken, environmental factors which influence thermal sense \draft sense and humidity sense are analyzed, the variation regularity of subjective sense with environment is studied, objective parameter range of subjective sense is given. As air temperature is the most effective environmental factor on thermal comfort, while human body temperature is the most. effective human condition factor, relationship equation about thermal comfort, air temperature and average human body temperature is obtained by regressive method. Then conclusion is made from the equation that people prefer a slightly hotter ambient and cooler body temperature condition. It is the first time to take human body condition and objective condition into human body thermal comfort index as two separate parameters.The study indicates that simulating suitable natural environment can most satisfy people’s demand for health and comfort, therefore it is the most ideal dynamic air supplypattern. According to people’s demand for thermal comfort, body temperature should be in the range of 35.7 C~36.5 C, air temperature 25.5~30.4 C, wind speed 0.75~1.5m/s, relative humidity is about 60 %. For parameter chosing, indoor environment change should agree with natural climate, which means temperature difference should be reduced as much as possible. Personalized air conditioners which appeared recent years can realize personalized air supply and individual control, make dynamic air supply realizable in project, thus embody the heading direction of" science and technology center on human beings".更多还原