汽车变速箱在线性能检测及声振控制的应用研究

【作者】 李联玉；

【导师】 马孝江；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着设备向着高速度、高功率、高可靠性、大型化的方向发展和人们物质文化生活水平的不断提高，机器设备、交通运输工具和家用电器的数量日益增多，噪声问题也越来越严重，噪声污染已成为当代世界性的问题。 诊断齿轮故障的方法较多，但普遍认为振动和噪声诊断是非常有前途的方法。因为振动是齿轮传动的一种属性，当齿轮发生故障时，其振动和噪声的大小及形态将会随之发生变化，因而齿轮的振动和噪声信号中含有丰富的故障信息，借助于各种振动和噪声检测仪器，可较方便地采集分析其信号，提取故障特征信息，在不停机、不解体的情况下，就能对变速箱的运行状态和故障的原因、部位以及劣化程度比较清楚，从而提高了变速箱的出厂质量；改善了汽车的性能；为设备的正常运行及视情维修提供较充分的依据；在生产和设备维修中获得显著的经济效益。同时我国汽车行业也增强自身的竞争力；为打入国际市场提供了有力的技术支持。 首先，本文阐述了声振的基本概念及其测量方法，并针对汽车变速箱分析了噪声产生的机理及控制方法；以及研究了声振控制所用到的一些信号处理方法；完善了以振动评价噪声的方法；并在“汽车变速箱性能检测系统中”进行了应用；随后，以中国一汽变速箱厂生产的某型号变速箱为背景，融合声振诊断及信号处理的相关方法，开发研制了“汽车变速箱性能检测系统”。该系统是集测试、实时监测显示、报警、信号分析、诊断于一体的综合监测系统。本文介绍了测试系统的设计方案，详细论述软件系统面向对象的分析和设计过程，并就软件系统中存在的并发性问题提出了相应的解决方案。最后介绍了本系统在汽车变速箱生产线上的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with equipment’s development towards high-speed, high-power, high stabilization and large-scale and improvement of material culture living standard, vehicles, more and more machine equipment, household electric appliances are put into use. Meanwhile the noise of problem is getting more serious. Noise pollution has becomes a world-wide problem nowadays.There are many ways to diagnose fault of gear, but vibration and noise diagnosis are generally considered most promising method. Vibration is the attribute of gear transmission, and when fault occurs to gear, the size and shape of vibration and noise of gear will vary. So the signal of vibration and noise of gear include of lots of information. Using a variety of measurement instruments of vibration and noise, we can easily gather and analyze the signal, and extract the feature of fault information. Without stopping and disassembling, the running state and the reason, position, and damaged disagree of fault can be discovered clearly. Accordingly, the quality of gearbox is promoted; the performance of automobile is improved; running orderly and condition based maintenance of equipments are given plenty of cause, so remarkable economic benefits are gained in producing and equipment maintenance. At the same time, the competitive ability for the national automobile products is enhanced; technique support is supplied for national automobile entering international market.Firstly, the basic concept and measurement method of vibration-noise are presented hi this paper. Mechanism and control method of the noise about automobile gearbox are analyzed. Several signal processing methods in vibration-noise diagnosis are discussed. And the method of evaluating sound level by vibrating signal is renovated and put into use in the "Automobile Gearbox’s Performance Testing System". Then, taking X gearbox made in Gearbox factory of China 1st automobile work as background, the author developed ’Automobile Gearbox Performance Testing System’ which is a integrated examining system including examining, on-line monitoring, signal analyzing and diagnosis. In the system, vibration-noise diagnosis methods and the related signal processing methods are used. In this paper, testing system scheme designing of software system is elaborated. And the scheme of resolving the simultaneity event is discussed in detail. At last, application of the system in automobile gearbox product line is introduced.更多还原