【作者】 王慧婷；

【导师】 李志文；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 一旦发生海上侵权事故，法律所面临的是如何在当事人之间进行损失的分担。因此海上侵权法首先需要确定由谁来承担侵权责任和谁有权请求侵权损害赔偿，从而涉及到海上侵权行为法的主体。这要求研究海上侵权行为法律关系，在逻辑上必须以法律主体为起点。而且只有确定海上侵权法律关系中的权利主体和责任主体才能确定诉讼程序中的原告和被告。 本文首先运用法理学和民法基本理论，分析海上侵权行为法主体的概念和特点，研究责任主体和责任主体的一般构成要件。然后结合国内法律法规、国际公约和先进的国外立法，具体探讨船舶碰撞、海洋环境污染侵权和海上人身伤亡三种海上侵权行为的责任主体和权利主体。并且专门分析国家作为海上侵权行为法特殊主体的法律地位。 笔者认为保护海洋环境和尊重人命安全是海上侵权行为法的价值取向，因此在海洋环境侵权和海上人身伤亡侵权中，应尽量扩大索赔主体的范围。而且海上活动的特殊风险性也使得承担海上侵权责任的主体呈现扩大趋势。除了承担第一层次责任的海上侵权行为主体，保险人和基金为分散海上特殊风险，作为第一层次的责任主体提供经济后盾，成为第二个层次上的海上侵权责任主体。更多还原

【Abstract】 Once a marine tort case happens, what the law faces is how to share the loss among the parties. So the question which the marine tort law need to solve first is who should take on the tort liability and who are entitled to claim damages, consequently, it refers to the subjects of marine tort law. When research marine tort legal relationship, we must start with the subject of law in logic. Furthermore, only the subject of the right and the subject of the liability in marine tort law are certained, can the plaintiff and defendant in proceeding be certained.First, apply the basic theory of jurisprudence and civil law, this article analyzes the conception and characteristic of the subject of marine tort law, researches the general constitutive requirements of subject of the right and subject of the liability. Then, consulting domestic law, international convention and foreign advanced legislation, concretely discusses subject of the right and subject of the liability in threekinds of marine tort--collision of ships, maritime pollution and maritime personalinjury and death. Also, particularly analyze a nation’s legal status as a special subject of marine tort law.The author considers the values of marine tort law is to protect maritime environment and attach importance to human life, so the category of claimant in maritime pollution and maritime personal injury and death should be enlarged. Moreover, the special marine risk makes the subjects of the liability of marine tort law show ampliative tendency. For separate the special marine risk, except the acting party in marine tort law who bear the first step liability, the insurer and the fund become the subjects of liability of marine tort law in the second step.更多还原