【作者】 张亮；

【导师】 吕晓玲；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 食品科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 类胡萝卜素是全球生态系统中的一大类色素，其在人类生活、保健、医疗上的重要性逐渐为人们所认识，以β-胡萝卜素为代表，作为食品添加剂起色素和营养强化剂的作用，另外，其出色的抗氧化功能也被研究所证实。 红酵母是形态结构较简单的一种真菌，可产生酵母红素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、虾青素等多种类胡萝卜素。利用红酵母生产类胡萝卜素具有许多其他工业微生物不可比拟的优点。 本文以粘红酵母发酵液的菌体为原料，研究了红酵母中色素的提取工艺，比较了浸提法与超声波提取和微波提取的效果，最终确定有机溶剂浸提为本实验的最佳方法，通过提取单因素实验和正交实验得到有机溶剂浸提法的最佳条件为：提取溶剂为丙酮，提取温度为35℃，提取时间为60min，提取料液比为1：30（m／v），提取级数为2级。 红酵母产生的色素属于类胡萝卜素，本文分别研究了光照、温度、有机酸、氧化剂和还原剂对其稳定性的影响，实验结果说明红酵母色素对温度的稳定性较差，在40℃以上时，会随时间的变化而变化；对光特别是室外同光很不稳定，对紫外光和室内散射光也不稳定，在避光状态下色素几乎没有变化；对酸的稳定性较差；氧化剂（过氧化氢）能氧化红酵母色素，在24h内使红酵母色素的吸光度从0.8降到0.2；而还原剂（BHT和Vc）对红酵母色素有一定的保护作用。 为了研究红酵母色素的抗氧化性，本文分别采用还原K₃Fe（CN）₆法测定其还原力、以氧化α-脱氧核糖法测定其清除羟自由基的能力，最后测定了其抵抗卵磷脂和亚油酸脂质体氧化的能力。其实验结果表明红酵母色素具有较强的还原力，且随着浓度的增加而增加；红酵母色素对羟自由基有很强的清除能力，在相同实验条件下其清除自由基的能力与标准抗氧化剂α-生育酚相当；红酵母色素的对卵磷脂脂质体氧化有一定的抵抗能力；红酵母色素有较强的抗亚油酸脂质过氧化能力，在粗物质浓度为33.33mg／mL的时候相当于对照α-生育酚的抗氧化能力。 最后本文采用薄层层析法（TLC）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对色素进行了分离和初步鉴定，结果显示红酵母色素至少含有4种组分，其中一种色素可能是β-胡萝卜素。更多还原

【Abstract】 The carotenoids is a main kind of pigments in world ecosystem, it has been known as an important pigments which can be benefited for people’s life, health and medical treatments. The -carotenoid is a typical carotenoids, which has been used as pigment and nutrition strengthener in food. In addition, it has excellent antioxidant activities which had been testified by many experiments.The Rhodotorular glutinis is a kind of epiphyte in simple configuration, it can produce many special carotenoids which is like torularhodin, -carotenoid, lycopene, astaxanthin et al. It is superior to other industrial microbe to produce carotenoids by Rhodotorular glutinisThe Rhodotorular glutinis thalli was used to research technics of extraction in this paper. In the experiment, three means of extraction, ultrasonic, microwave and soaking were compared in extracting effect. Finally, soaking with organic solvents was determined to be the optimal method, which described as follows: the optimal organic solvents was acetone, the optimal temperature was 35 C, the optimal time was 60min, the optimal material/liquid was l:30(m/v) and the optimal extracting grade was second grade.The pigments produced by Rhodotorular glutinis belonged to carotenoids. The stability of the pigments in different illumination, temperature, acid, oxidative and reductive situation was studied in this paper. The result showed that all these factors but the reducer can influence the stability in different degree, however the adding of reducer will improve it.In order to study the antioxidant activities of the pigments of Rhodotorular glutinis, the reducing power, the scavenging ability on hydroxyl radical and the inhibition ability on oxidation of liposome system Were tested. The experiments indicated that the pigments had strong capacity of scavenging hydroxyl radical and had commonly reducing power and the inhibition ability on oxidation of liposome system.At last, the pigments and its composition were separated and identified by TLC and HPLC, more than four components were separated and one of them could be -carotenoid.更多还原