【作者】 刘培义；

【导师】 申利明；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 家具配料工段通常具有作业环境差，作业强度高，生产率不稳等特点，这是制约家具生产的重要因素，提高配料工段的生产效率对整个企业的生产具有特别重要的意义。本文就是以家具配料工段为研究对象，以人体工程学为原则，以工业工程的工作研究的方法为指导，着重研究在现有生产条件下如何提高配料的作业效率。 本文首先讨论了提高生产率的理论基础和原则，分析了作业时间的构成，提出从宏观和微观多个层次上来消除作业过程的时间浪费。并为此设计了一个研究生产效率的系统模型，着重从内部物流及车间布置、生产过程的时间研究以及具体工位的动作研究三个方面来构建作业研究的新思路。 在具体内容上，本研究选定了三个不同类型的家具生产企业（国企A、私企B和外资C）进行分析、比较和改进，以此来寻找一些较优的、符合公司实情的解决方案。根据各企业的产品工艺特点来对生产车间进行重新布置，并根据需要选定相应的运输方式。时间研究是从宏观上把握企业生产过程中的各种时间消耗，强调通过管理手段来减少无效劳动时间，提高正常作业时间T₁₁的比例。动作研究则主要从微观上来考查具体工位的操作过程，改善操作方法和作业场地布置，减少无效动作，强调通过技术手段来提高作业活动的速度。 本文最后部分还对平刨和纵剖锯工位的两名工人进行过心率测定，并记录相应的生产活动，以研究生产作业与心率负荷的关系以及其对生产过程作业分配的影响。 通过上述一系列研究，本课题得到如下结论： 本次研究对三企业的生产工艺进行了分类分析，并以此为依据来改进车间布置，这样可以减少物流，方便生产组织及管理。在这方面，对企业A和B的改进效果尤为明显。 企业A、B、C配料作业的平均正常作业时间T-（11）分别占44.23％、67.67％和66.79％，企业性质及管理方式是影响生产率的重要因素。如果按一定的原则对其进行改进，三企业T₁₁最终都能达到70～80％的高水平，这是由家具生产的特点决定的。 对三企业一些工位的动作研究表明，作业场地布置、操作方式、物料特性及操作动作也是影响生产率的重要因素。根据生产实际，从微观上改进生产作业也是提高企业整体生产率的重要途径。 总之，提高家具配料工段的生产效率是一项复杂工程，本次研究主要从方法和内容上为作业改进活动提供指导，希望能对家具生产企业有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rough mill section of furniture plant usually has the properties of bad environment, high work load and instable productivity and so on ,which are the important factors that restrict the furniture productivity. So, improving the efficiency of the furniture rough mill section is significant to the whole plant. Based on the ergonomics principles and industrial engineering methods (work study), this study emphasizes on how to improve the work efficiency of the rough mill section under existing work conditions.First of all, this study discussed the theoretical basic and principles of how to improve the work efficiency, analyzed the compositions of the work time, and brought forward the idea of eliminating the time waste from macrocosmical and microcosmical levels. Meanwhile, I brought forward a systemic model to establish a new way to study the work efficiency from three aspects: the materials flow and plant layout, the time study to the work procedure, and the motion study to the certain workplace.On the concrete study, I selected three different kinds of furniture company A, B and C (state, personal and foreign capital furniture company) to analyze, compare and improve. I hoped to find some prefer measures up to their actual condition. According the characteristics of the process of furniture rough mill section, I relocated the workshop and selected the corresponding conveyance. The time study mainly analyzed the percentage of varies of time expenditure from macroscopical view, emphasized on decreasing the noneffective time by some management ways and increasing the ratio of normal working hours TH. However, the motion study mainly studied the operation process of a certain workstation from microscopical view, tried to improve the operation methods and the workstation, eliminated the noneffective motion during operation. It emphasized on improving the operation speed by some technology ways.At the end of this study, I had measured the heart rate of two workers during their working in the rough mill section and recorded their corresponding activity. I wanted to study the relation between their activities and the heart rate during working.After a series of studies mentioned above, I had gotten the following conclusions:I had analyzed the technical process of the three plants and improved their layout. It can reduce the material flow and make the manufacture and management activities more convenient. In this aspect, the amelioration effect is obvious for the plant A and B.The normal work time ratio(T11%) of the three plants A, B and C is 44.2%, 67.7% and 66.8% respectively, which indicated that the property of company and their management modes greatly impact the work efficiency. If we take some measures to improve the work time ratio according to certain principles, their TH% will reach to a high level of 70~80%.The motion study of some workstations showed that the work place layout, the operation methods, the materials’ properties and the operation motion are also the important factors which affected productivity. To improve the operation activities according to the actual condition is aimportant way to increase the whole productivity of the plant.Sum up, to improve the work efficiency of the furniture rough mill section is a complicated project. This study mainly provided a guidance to improve the work efficiency form the methods and the contents. I hope this thesis can provide some help to the furniture company.更多还原