【作者】 杨新兵；

【导师】 张彦广；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高，对花卉的数量、种类、类型提出了更高的要求。因此，加快野生花卉的引种工作，利用野生花卉具有的花色斑斓，花形奇特，花期长，适应性强，有特殊的山林气息和自然色彩等特点，直接应用于城乡绿化、美化、香化，或庭院、室内栽培、插花等观赏，成为发展城市园林绿化的一个重要途径。溲疏属（Deutzia Thunb．）属虎耳草科，落叶灌木，开白花，花朵繁密而素雅，花期长，其花期正值初夏少花季节，是北方难得的绿化、美化材料。溲疏适应性强，较耐荫，具有较强的抗寒能力。花枝可供瓶插观赏。木材坚硬，不易腐朽，叶根可供药用。前人对溲疏的研究主要集中在分类学方面，而对溲疏栽培繁育方面的研究却未见报道。本研究以我省溲疏种质资源大花溲疏（Deutzia grandiflora Bge．）和小花溲疏（D．Parviflora Bge．）两个种为研究对象，对其进行了种子特性及播种、扦插和组培等技术的研究，为今后溲疏的栽培应用提供了依据。 1、种子 对不同种源的大花溲疏种子中，涉县大花溲疏种源的种子质量最好；不同种源的小花溲疏种子中，雾灵山小花溲疏种源的种子质量最好；同一个地方的大花溲疏和小花溲疏，均表现为大花溲疏种子的发芽质量比小花溲疏的好。雾灵山小花溲疏种子发芽的最适宜温度为25℃，最低温度为15℃，最高温度为30℃。用赤霉素处理小花溲疏种子，低浓度时对种子的发芽有利，当浓度超过400mg／L后，发芽率开始降低。用浓度为200mg／L赤霉素处理白石山小花溲疏陈种子效果最好。另外采用0.2％KNO₃、0.2％KH₂PO₄药剂处理雾灵山小花溲疏种子，却表现为降低种子的发芽率。疏松基质有利于溲疏种子的发芽，粘重的基质不利于种子发芽。溲疏种子不耐贮藏。不同年份种子的质量存在一定的差异，大花溲疏种源是2002年种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数较高；而小花溲疏种源是2003年种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数较高。 2、育苗 3月底播种，4月中旬出齐苗，6月份生长进入快速生长期，一年的平均高生长量为9.4cm，20％的小苗全年高生长不到5cm。由于小苗生长缓慢，根系范围较小，在苗期管理中，要注意遮荫，保持土壤湿润，否则，小苗干枯死亡。二年生苗从3月下旬开始展叶生长，4月初叶片进入快速生长期，5月下旬叶片基本长成。在整个植株上，萌蘖数有3～7个不等，根部萌蘖生长时间长、速度最快，其次是下部的侧芽，越往上生长越慢，多数顶芽不萌发。 3、扦插 用不同浓度的药剂处理野生小花溲疏插穗，IBA1000mg／L的溶液速蘸、ABT生根粉500mg／L溶液浸泡12h的插穗生根率较高；GA和NAA与IBA配成的混合溶液处理插穗，生根率没有明显的增加。用不同浓度的药剂处理野生大花溲疏插穗，IBA1000mg／L溶液速蘸、ABT生根粉500mg／L的溶液浸泡12h的插穗生根率最高；用1000mg／L的IBA溶液处理不同年龄段的小花溲疏插穗，随枝龄的增加生根率降低，一年生的插穗生根率最高。同一药剂处理的大花溲疏和小花溲疏插穗，对插穗的生根影响规律是一致的。 4、组织培养 对培养箱内小花溲疏外植体的消毒，不可使用酒精，以使用0.1％升汞灭菌2min为最佳；对田间取材的小花溲疏外植体，单独使用0.1％升汞或84消毒液效果较差，使用10％的84消毒液灭菌10min后，再加0.1％升汞处理时，4min的效果最好，污染率降为30％。二次灭菌时，对真菌感染的外植体采用0.1％升汞处理4min和用10％的84消毒液处理20min、30min效果较好。对细菌感染的外植体采用0.1％升汞处理3min后接入加有40uL或80uL青霉素的培养基内，污染率最低。外植体在MCM培养基生长最为有利，但差异并不明显。外植体生长规律表现为前期生长慢，40天以后生长加快。对茎段的分化诱导以MS+6一BA2.omg/L+N从0.lmg/L培养基为最好。最适宜的生根培养基为1/ZMS+I从1 .omg/L，但随着时间的延长，所有的外植体都可以生根，根数越来越多。另外，在试验过程中发现，无根苗在瓶中的接入情况对生根有显著影响，当无根苗的切口与培养基表面微接触或切口露出培养基外时，利于生根。试管苗练苗9天后栽入荫棚中，以泥炭土为基质栽培的成活率最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of people’s living level ,the quantity, kinds and types of floral are demanded more .so, quickening the introduction of wild floral is an important way for city gardening ,these wild flora have colorful flower color ,special flower form ,long flower period, high viability , and have the smell of nature , the nature color et, utilize wild floral’ s these traits to apply for the city gardening ,city beautifying and city perfuming , or apply for the ornament by yard culture ,room culture, cutting flower and so on. Deutzia belongs to Saxifrage Family ,deciduous shrubs, white flowers, the flowers are thick and suave ,long flower period in the start of summer which is an flower-less period , so it is a good gardening and greening material in the northern area. Deutzia have strong viability, shade resistance, cold resistance .the branches can be filled into the vast for watching, the wood are hard and rot resistance ,leaves and root are available for medicine .the scientists are studying mainly on classification of the flower, but not on the culture and propagation of the flower. This paper is based on the objective of Largeflower Deutzia (Deutzia grandiflora Bge.) and Smallflower Deutzia (D. parviflora Bge .)in our province, studying the seedling traits , sowing and cutting ,tissue culture of the floral ,and it provide the theory basis for the later culture of the floral.1 seed For the different seeds of Largeflower Deutzia ,the seeds from SheXian have the best quality ; For the different seeds of Smallflower Deutzia ,the seeds from Wuling mountain have the best quality; The seeds from the same place have the same phenomenon-the Largeflower Deutzia seeds are better than the Smallflower Deutzia in germination quality. The best germination temperature of Smallflower Deutzia from Wuling mountain is 25C, the lowest temperature is 15C, the highest temperature is 30 C.Treating the Smallflower Deutzia seeds with GA, the low dilution GA are beneficial for germination , when the dilution is over 400mg/L,the germination capacity is decreasing. Using 200mg/L GA for the seeds of old Smallflower Deutzia from BaiShi mountain ,the result is the best .But using 0.2%KNO3 ,0.2%KH2PO4 for the Smallflower Deutzia seeds from WuLing mountain ,the germination capacity is decreasing. The slack substrate is good for the Smallflower Deutzia germination, the thick substrate is bad for it. Deutzia seeds can not be kept for a long period, there are some differences between the seeds from different years, Largeflower Deutzia seeds from 2002year have the higher germination capacity, vigor of germination, index of germination, the Smallflower Deutzia seeds from 2003 year have the higher germination capacity, vigor of germination, index of germination.2 seedling raise Sowing in the late of March, the whole germination in the middle of April, going into the fast period of growing in June, the average height of the seedling growing is 9.4cm in a year, 20% of the seedling is no more than 5cm.the seedlings growslowly and the root system is in a narrow scope ,so in the raising period overshadow is very important and keep the soil moist, or else the seedling will die. The seedlings of the second year start frondesce growing in the late of March ,in the start of April the leaf goes into fast growing period ,the leaf is becoming mature in the late of May. On the whole plant ,there are 3-7 flush .the root flush has a long period of growing and the fastest growing velocity ,the lateral bud is the next one ;higher the position is ,lower the speed is .the terminal bud usually can not germination.3 Cutting Treating the cutting wood of Smallflower Deutzia with different dilutions of medicine ,the quick dipping of IBA1000mg/L for the cutting wood , dipping the cutting wood in the ABT500mg/L for 12h,the two methods has better rooting rate; Treating the cutting wood with the mixture of GA,NAA and IB A ,there is no more change of rooting rate. Treating the cutting wood of Largeflower Deutzia with different dilut更多还原