【作者】 刘红梅；

【导师】 刘大群； 陈万权；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦条锈病、白粉病是小麦生产上的两大重要病害。目前，国际上已命名并定位了32个抗条锈病基因和30个抗白粉病基因。由于抗病基因利用的单一化以及条锈菌、白粉菌生理小种的频繁变异，这两种病害近年来频繁流行，对小麦安全生产造成严重的威胁。筛选和培育抗病品种已被公认为是防治小麦病害最为经济、安全和有效的途径。因此，逐步搞清我国小麦生产品种以及重要抗原材料的抗病基因组成及其遗传特点是合理利用抗病品种的基础。本研究以兴资9104品系为材料，研究了兴资9104品系对条锈病、白粉病的抗性遗传特点，并进行了抗病基因推导和苗期抗条锈病基因的AFLP分析。 遗传分析结果表明，兴资9104至少含有1对显性全生育期和1对成株抗条锈病基因，分别控制对条锈菌条中17号和条中32号生理小种的抗性；1对显性和1对抑制全生育期抗白粉病基因和两对显性互补成株抗白粉病基因，控制对白粉菌系031001的抗性。基因推导结果表明，兴资9104可能携带YrSK及未知抗白粉病基因。 提取小麦的基因组DNA，建立抗、感基因池，并对其进行AFLP分析。共筛选了50多对引物，其中一对引物E01／M10在铭贤169／兴资9104 F₂代群体建立的抗、感基因池中的苗期抗条锈病池中扩增到一条大小约200bp的特异性DNA片段，并对其进行回收、克隆、测序，此片段含有154个碱基。进一步工作是设计特异性引物，将其转化为SCAR标记。本试验证明兴资9104在抗病育种中可作为重要的多抗性抗源加以利用，为实现抗病品种抗病基因的多样化奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stripe rust and powdery mildew are the two most serious wheat diseases which cause heavy loss of the wheat production in the world. Up to now, 32 gene loci for resistance against stripe rust and 30 gene loci for resistance against powdery mildew have been assigned to particular wheat chromosomes in the wold. However, due to the use of resistance genes simplify and the occurrence of new pathogenic virulence of Puccinia striiformis and Blumeria graminis f.sp trtici or ineffective adult resistance, only some of these genes are useable for wheat breeding in China now. These two diseases have been making the serious threaten gradually to the wheat production. Screening and breeding resistance cultivars have been considered to be the most economic, secure and effective measure to control the wheat disease. It is important for the reasonable using of resistance cultivars to know about the constitutes of resistance genes and genetic characters of wheat cultivar and germplasm. The genetic analysis of resistance, gene postulation and AFLP analysis of Xingzi 9104, an elite germplasm, to wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew were conducted in this paper.The results of genetic analysis showed that there were at least one pair of dominant genes to Puccinia striiformis in seedling plants which control the resistance to CY17 of P. striiformis, one pair of dominant independence genes to Puccinia striiformis in adult plants which control the resistance to CY32 of P. striiformis, one pair of dominant genes and one pair of suppressive genes to Blumeria graminis f.sp. trtici in seedling plants and two pairs of dominant complementary genes to Blumeria graminis f.sp. trtici in adult plants which control isolate 031001 of Blumeria graminis f.sp. trtici. The genes YrSK for stripe rust resistance and unknown genes for powdery mildew in seedling stage of Xingzi 9104 were also postulated.The genome DNA of wheat were extracted from the constituted BSA ( bulkedsegregant analysis ) by using of CTAB resistant and susceptible, respectively. Fifty pairs of AFLP primers were used to generate polymorphic bands and one specificDNA fragment was amplified by E01/M10 primer combination in BSA of seedlings resistance gene to stripe rust. The specific DNA polymorphic fragment, a 154 base pair band, was excised and cloned into T-easy vector. Next work is to design the differential primers and transvert it to SCAR. The results indicate that the wheat line Xingzi 9104 may be one of most important materials with resistance in wheat breeding program. It provides a base for achieving diversification of resistance genes in resistance cultivar.更多还原