【作者】 闫树堂；

【导师】 徐继忠； 陈海江；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以不同矮化中间砧(B₉、M₂₆、SH₃₈、SH₅)红富士苹果为试材，对果实大小、果实细胞数目、细胞大小、细胞间隙、果实含水量、果实水势、果实和叶片中碳氮营养物质含量、矿质元素含量以及果实内源激素及多胺含量的变化进行了研究，旨在探讨不同矮化中间砧对红富士节果果实大小影响的内在机理。主要研究结果如下： 1．不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果果实的生长动态曲线基本符合单S型生长曲线。四种不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果果实在花后11周均出现一个生长速率高峰，以B₉为中间砧的在花后5周还有一个小峰，大部分时期以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的生长速率高于以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的。果实成熟时以B₉、M₂₆、SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的红富士苹果果实单果重分别为270g、264g、176.5g和175g。 2．不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果果实在幼果期，果实细胞整体上分裂了大约五次，花后5周时停止分裂，分裂结束后以B₉、M₂₆、SH₃₈、SH₅中间砧红富士苹果果实的细胞数目分别为73.59×10⁶个、70.83×10⁶个、41×10⁶个、42×10⁶个。四者细胞分裂期间分裂速度不均，平均分裂周期分裂为7.00天、6.96天、7.31天和6.31天。花后1周，果实的细胞分裂周期最短，为细胞的分裂旺盛期。 3．不同矮化中间影响红富士苹果果实的细胞大小和细胞间隙。不同矮化中间红富上苹果果实的细胞大小之间在花后19周之前并无显著差异，至果实采收时产生差异，以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的显著高于以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的，四者的细胞大小分别为细胞间隙也是在采收时才产生，的细胞间隙分别为11.3、8以SH₅为中间砧的细胞分别为7，以SH₃₈为中间砧的几乎观察不到细胞间隙。 4．不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果果实和叶片总糖含量变化趋势大致相似，果实生长发育的大部分时期内均逐渐上升。果实成熟时，以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的红富士苹果果实总糖含量显著高于以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的，四种矮化中间砧红富士叶片总糖含量之间无显著差异。果实生长发育的大部分时期内以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的红富士苹果叶片总糖含量显著高于以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的。 5．四种不同矮化中间砧(B₉、M₂₆、SH₃₈、SH₅)红富士苹果果实和叶片总氮含量变化趋势大致相似，果实生长发育的大部分时期内均逐渐下降。果实成熟时，以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的红富士苹果果实总氮含量显著高于以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的，四种矮化中间砧红富士叶片总氮含量之间无显著差异。果实生长发育的大部分时期内以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的红富士苹果叶片总氮含量显著高于以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的。 6．不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果幼果实期果实内源激素（ABA除外）和多胺（Put、Spd）的变化趋势大致相似。四种材料的内源IAA、GA₃、Put含量变化均呈单峰曲线，ZR、Spd含量变化均呈下降趋势，大部分时期内，以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的红富士苹果幼果内源激素IAA、ZR、GA₃和多胺水平均明显高于以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间的；不同矮化中间砧影响红富士苹果幼果实期内源ABA、Spm的变化趋势和含量：以B₉、M₂₆为中间砧的红富士苹果幼果内源ABA、Spm的变化趋势为双峰曲线，以SH₃₈、SH₅为中间砧的为单峰曲线。 7．不同矮化中间砧红富士苹果果实和叶片矿质元素（K、Ca、Mg、Zn）含量变化趋势大致相似。四种材料果实中K、Ca、Mg含量变化均呈下降趋势，Zn含量变化趋势为V字形；四种材料叶片中K含量变化呈下降趋势，Ca含量变化呈上升趋势，Mg含量变化呈单峰曲线，Zn含量变化趋势为V字形。以Bg、M26为中间砧的红富士羊果果实矿质兀素含量显著高于以SH38、SHS为中间砧的。 8，不同矮化中间红富士苹果果实含水量变化趋势相似。在果实发育前期无明显差异，后期（花后19周至23周）以Bg、M26为中间砧的显著高于以SH38、SHS为中间砧的;而不同矮化中间红富士苹果果实水势变化趋势不同，以SH3s、SHS为中间砧的果实水势一直呈下降趋势，以Bg、M26为中间砧的则呈“下降一上升一下降”趋势，在花后19周四者无幂著差异其余时期以SH38、SH，为中间砧的显著高于以Bg、M26为中l’司砧的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fruit size ,fruit cell numbers and size and intervals,total nitrogen and sugar contents in leaves and fruits,water contents and potential in fruits, hormones and polyanimines contents in fruits and minral elements contents in leaves and fruits were studied in Red Fuji apple on different interstocks (B9, M26, SH38, SH5) in order to probe the machanism of the influence of interstocks on fruit size. The main results were as follow:1. The dynimics of fruit growth of Red Fuji apple on different types of dwarfing interstocks(B9, M26, SH38, SH5) all showed single sigmond curves. The peak of fruits growth rates of four trail materials all appeared at 11 weeks post floral. In addition there was a smaller peak at 5 weeks after anthesis (WAA) in Red Fuji apple on B9 During the most part of growing period, the growth rates on B9 and M26 were significantly higher than that on SH38 and SHs.At harvest the fruits on B9 and M26 were significantly larger than that on SH38 and SH52. There were five times of cell division during fruit development in the whole .The cell division periods in fruits of Red Fuji apple on B9, M26 and SH38were 7.19, 7.25 , 7.68 days, respectively.The cell division came to an end at 5 weeks post floral.There were significant difference among the fruits cell numbers of Red Fuji apple on different interstoccks After the termination of cell division the fruits cell numbers of Red Fuji apple on B9, M26 and SH38 were 73.59×106, 70.83×106and 41.00×106, respectively. The mean cell division periods in fruits of Red Fuji apple on B9, M26 SH38. and SH5.were 7.00 days, 6.69days,7.7.31days and 6.31 days. And the periods on B9, M20 and SH38 were the shortest at 3 WAA, when the cell devided quickly, while the period on SH5 were the shortest at 4 WAA.3. The discrepany of cell sizes and intervals in fruits of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks did not appear untill 19 WAA. At harvest the cell sizes in fruits of Red Fuji apple on B9, M26 , SH38.and SHs were 7853μm 2, 7798μm 2, 5430μm 2 and 5509μm 2, respectively, the cell sizes in fruits of Red Fuji apple on B9, M26 , SH38 and SH5 were 11.3μm, 8.8μm, 0μm and 7μm.4. The total sugar contents in fruits and leaves of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks showed similar changing trends. The contents all increased devadually during most of the fruit deelopment periods. At havest the total sugar contents on SH38 and SH5 were markedly higher than that on B9 and M26. And there were no significant difference among the total sugar in leaves of Red Fuji apple contents on different interstocks. During most of the fruit deelopment periods the total sugar contents in leaves of Red Fuji apple on SH38 and SH5 were markedly higher than that on B9 and M26 .5. The total nitrogen contents in fruits and leaves of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks showed similar changing trends. The contents all decreased devadually during most of the ’fruit deelopment periods. At havest the total nitrogen contents on SH38 and SH5 were markedly higher than that on B9 and M26. And there were no significant difference among the total nitrogen contents on different interstocks. 6. The endogenous hormones and polyamines contents in fruits and leaves of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks showed similar changing trends.The changes of endogenous IAA,GA and Putcontents on three types of dwarfing interstocks all showed a single peak curve.And the endogenous ZR and spd contents both kept declining.During the most part of this period, the contents of endogenous hormones and polyamines on B9 and M26 were markedly higher than that on SH38 and SH5.7. The K, Ca, Mg and Zn contents in fruits and leaves of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks showed similar changing trends. K, Ca, Mg and Zn contents in fruits of Red Fuji apple on different interstocks showed declining trends while Zn contents showed ’ V model. In leaves K contents kept on declining , Ca contents kept increasing , Mg contents showed single peak curves and Zn contents showed ’V’model. The mineral conte更多还原